学文网定语从句中关系副词的用法及解题技巧
定语从句中关系副词的用法及解题技巧有哪些？以下是为大家收集的定语从句中关系副词的用法及解题技巧，希望能够帮助到大家。
定语从句中关系副词的用法及解题技巧
1. 关系副词VS关系代词
先来看一看关系副词和我们熟知的关系代词有什么关联。
以where为例，首先问大家一个问题，where是什么意思呢？“哪儿！”你肯定会毫不犹豫的给出这个答案，然后躲到电脑后，偷笑栗子问的问题太弱。其实不然。我们换个问题“Where are you?”翻译成中文是“你哪儿？”还是“你在哪儿？”我想这次应该大家会毫不犹豫的选后者吧！没错，where确切翻译应该是“在哪儿”，所以见到“Where did Tom live?”时，我们的答案是“Tom lived in Beijing.”而非“Tom lived Beijing.”
接下来回到正题，我们通过以下的等式替换来看看关系副词和关系代词的关系吧。首先有两个简单句：
We visited the city center. Tom lived in the city center.
针对这两个简单句我们做两个设计：
1）把他们合并成一个由which引导的定语从句，不难得出是：We visited the city center in which Tom lived.
定语从句中which指代的正是city center，即which=the city center.
2）再针对第二个简单句提一个问题：
Where did Tom live?
因为where是“在哪儿”所以它对应的答案是“in the city”而非“the city”，即where=in the city
综合以上两点which=the city center，where= in the city center，显而易见where=in which，也就是说，关系副词=介词+关系代词。所以该定语从句可以换种写法就是：We visited the city where Tom lived.因为where在定语从句中指代是地点状语，所以属于关系副词。相应的when指代时间状语、why指代原因状语。
2. 关系副词用法的解题技巧：
见到时间词关系词一定用when吗？未必！做题时切记一个原则：缺什么补什么。试比较以下两道题：
1) The days are gone______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.（2011天津）
2) The days ____ I spent in the village were full of adventure.
A. when B. where C. which
第一道虽说是一个经典的高考题，但我们初中听说读写拔高上的不少小学霸都问过我这一道题。首先，必须承认这题比较有难度：从句子结构上看主干即The days are gone (那些日子已经结束了)，后面紧跟的是一个定语从句，用来修饰主语The days的，只是因为定语从句太长放在句首会显得整体头重脚轻，所以放在了句尾和先行词分割开来。然后我们需要做的就是判断先行词在定语从句中所作的成分了。从句主系表齐全，是个相对完成的句子，所以the days只能加上介词在从句中只能做时间状语，所以横线上填when，或者根据我们解决掉的第一个问题填上during which也可以。
再看第二道，从句是I spent in the village，谓语spent缺少宾语，the days正是spent的宾语，所以不能填when，只能填which或that。
总的来说就是：做定语从句题目时，一定要看清从句中缺什么成分，或者看先行词在从句中能做什么成分，只有在做状语时才能够选关系副词。我们再来练一组题目：
1）This is the school _________my grandpa founded.
2）This is the school _________ my grandpa found his love.
第一题从句中founded是及物动词“建立”，缺少了宾语，所以只能填关系代词which或that；第二题从句中found“找到”有自己的宾语，从句主谓宾齐全，所以先行词school只能加上介词充当状语成分，因为school是地点，所以只能填where了。
3. 关于where的特殊用法：
定语从句中where的使用已经不仅仅限于具体的地点，在一些模糊的地点名词后也要使用where，比如：family, point, case, stage, job, society, situation, circumstances等。
看一个题目：
Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers____consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(2008江西)
A. where B. when C. who D. which
本题同样是一道经典的高考题目，首先要能够分析出句子结构，找出先行词。本句和之前见到的一个题目一样，横线后的定语从句本来是修饰cases的，同样因为放前面头重脚轻移到了后面，句子意思是“晚些在这个单元里，有一些由消费者的抱怨引发法律更改的案例会被介绍给读者。”正确答案应该选A，cases相当于一个抽象地点，where在这里等于in the cases(在这些案例中)。
练习：
All the neighbors admire this family___ the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A. why B. where C. which D. whose
综上，我们在学习定语从句中关系副词的用法时一定要注意到以下几点：
1. 关系副词=介词+关系代词
2. 选关系词的宗旨是：看从句缺什么句子成分，缺什么补什么；when指代时间状语，where指代地点状语，why指代原因状语。
3. where的抽象化先行词有：family, point, case, stage, job, society, situation, circumstances等。
定语从句中的关系副词有三个：
when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下：
1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.
He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.
I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.
Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.
有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?
The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.”.
3. why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。
例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略)
上句也可以这样表示：
That is the reason I did the job.
又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.
关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：
1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子：
I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.
I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.
This is the hospital where my mother works.
This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.
The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.
This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .
2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：
Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when)
This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)
Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party. (for which=why)
英语中的关系副词由：where,when和 why。这三个关系副词很多情况下，都可以用介词+关系代词来替换。
where=in /at /to+which;
when=in /on /at+which;
why=for +which.
有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词 + which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：
My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.
At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.
3) “that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when, where、why”和“介词 + which”结构，尤其在“the time when”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。
I may leave here any time I want to.
During the time I was there I visited him twice.
This is my second time I have come to your country.
1.It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选D。
2. I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which B. where C. how D. why
答案 B
3 .After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do.A.that B.what C.which D.where
答案 D
解析 本题考查定语从句关系词的确定。英语中，point/situation/case等作先行词，其后的关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where（相当于in which）。该定语从句缺少地点状语，因此用where。
4.Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where
答案 D
5.Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A.who B.which C.why D.when
答案 D
关系副词用法
关系副词兼有副词与连接词两种作用，在不及物动词的连接中要求用关系副词。
关系副词所引导的形容词子句用于修饰主要子句中的某一名词或代名词，被修饰的词称作先行词，关系副词要放在先行词之后。
例如：关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词。
关系副词主要有三个，即when，where，why。此外that也可代替关系代词引导代词句子。
关系副词=preposition(介词)+relative pronoun(关系代词)
例如：where=in which，when=on which，why=for which
这些关系副词在从句中做状语。
Would you please tell me the way to the zoo? 你能告诉我去动物园的路吗?
the way是先行词。
This is the place where(that) I first met her. 这是我第一次见到她的地方。
在口语中that可以充当关系副词，代替when，why，how，只有先行词是the place时，才可代替where。
A:When should we start to work?
B:The sooner (we start)，the better (it will be). 我们应该什么时候开始工作? 越早越好。
the作关系副词是引导副词子句，句子结构一般为：The+比较级...+the+比较级...，第一个the是关系副词。
time，day，year，place，house，reason，way等作先行词时可以被省略，其后的子句不再是形容词子句，而变成名词子句或副词子句。
中文：这是他出生的地方。
This iswhere he was born.（where he was born是名词子句。）
This is the placewhere he was born.（where he was born是形容词子句。）
中文：我将在第一次见到她的地方见她。
Ill meet her at the placewhere I first met her.（where I first met her是形容词子句。）
Ill meet herwhere I first met her.（where I first met her是副词子句。）
关系副词有限定用法，指的是关系副词引导的形容词子句只修饰先行词。
We were very happy in those dayswhen we studied in school.我们在学校里上学的那些日子里很快乐。
关系副词有补述用法，即关系副词引导的是对等子句而不是形容词子句，主要用于对主要子句中的不足之处加以补充，前面都要加逗点与主要子句分开。
Tom got married the day before yesterday，when it was his birthday too.汤姆前天结婚了，那天也是他的生日。
wherever，whenever，however是复合关系副词，表示"不论"，引导一个修饰主要子句里的动词的副词子句，可加强语气或表示让步。
【参见关系形容词】
Wherever he goes，he would bring an umbrella with him. 不论他去那里，他都带着一把雨伞。
转载请注明出处学文网 » 定语从句中关系副词的用法及解题技巧