学文网一、 强调句的基本结构
1. 强调句的基本结构
强调句的基本结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that [who] +其他部分。如：
我的秘书昨天把账单送给了哈丁先生。
普通句型：My secretary sent the bill to Mr Harding yesterday.
强调句型：It was my secretary that [who] sent the bill to Mr Harding yesterday. （强调句子主语）
比较下面的句子：
John wore his best suit to the dance last night. 约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会。（非强调句）
It was John who [that] wore his best suit to the dance last night. 是约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会的。（强调主语）
It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night. 约翰昨晚是穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会的。（强调宾语）
It was last night that John wore his best suit to the dance. 约翰是昨晚穿着他最好的衣服去参加舞会的。（强调状语）
2. 强调句的时态
强调句的时态一般应保持前后一致，即主句与从句的时态同为现在时、过去时或将来时。如：
It is not I who am angry. 发怒的不是我。（is和am同为现在时）
It was yesterday that he arrived. 他是昨天到的。（was和arrived同为过去时）
It will not be you who will have to take the blame for this. 对此须受责难的不会是你。（will not be和will have to同为将来时）
但是，有时主句与从句所用的时态并不一致。如：
It is Miss Williams who enjoyed reading novels as a pastime. 是威廉姆斯小姐以读小说作为消遣。
It is these very novels that Miss Williams enjoyed reading as a pastime. 威廉姆斯小姐作为消遣所读的就是这些小说。
二、 强调句的被强调结构
强调句式 it is...that...通常用于强调句子主语、宾语和状语，很少用于强调表语或宾语补足语。具体用法如下：
1. 强调主语
It is I who need your help. 是我需要你的帮助。
It is the combination of wit and political analysis that makes his articles so readable. 他的生花妙笔与***治分析相得益彰，使他的文章脍炙人口。
强调主语时，若主语为人称代词，原则上应用主格，但在口语或非正式文体中也可用宾格。如：
It was him that told the police. 是他告诉了警察。
Don?蒺t let anyone know it was me who told you. 不要让任何人知道是我告诉了你。
It was me who was paying the rent and the bills and all the rest of it. 是我在付房租及账单等等。
2. 强调宾语
It was an English dictionary that he bought at the bookshop. 他在书店买的是一本英语词典。
It was a nurse that John met that day. 约翰那天见到的是一位护士。
3. 强调状语
（1）强调的状语为副词。如：
It was here that he differed from an Englishman. 他和英国人的不同就在于此。
It was abroad that he got married with his second wife. 他是在国外与第二个妻子结婚的。
（2）强调的状语为介词短语。如：
It was through me that he lost his place. 是因为我他才失去他的职位的。
It was on Monday night that all this happened. 这一切都是在星期一夜间发生的。
It is with deep regret that we announce the death of Mr Fred Fisher. 我们沉痛地宣布弗雷德・费希尔先生的死讯。
It is partly because of her sick mother that she hasn?蒺t taken the job abroad. 她没有接受那份国外的工作部分原因是她母亲病了。
（3）强调的状语为从句（即状语从句）。如：
It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday. 我昨天是由于想买本字典才进城的。
It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me. 让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思。
It was only when I read her letter that I realized what was happening. 一直到我读了她的信以后，我才意识到发生了什么事。
It is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully conscious of how much you value them. 只有当你差一点失去某一个人时，你才会充分意识到你是多么珍视他们。
三、 强调句的疑问结构
1. 用于一般疑问句
用于一般疑问句的强调句通常不会对同学们的理解造成困难，因为它只是在陈述句的基础上将动词is， was提前至句首即可。如：
Was it her that first saw what to do？她是头一个明白该做什么的人吗？
Was it from Betty that he first heard the news？这消息他最早是从贝蒂那里听到的吗？
2. 用于特殊疑问句
强调句用于特殊疑问句要比用于一般疑问句难理解得多，因为这类句子的结构同学们平时见得比较少，而且翻译起来也不太好表达。其实，强调句用于特殊疑问句可视为对被强调句提问而得来，为方便记忆，我们可以将这类句子归为这样的格式：疑问词+ is （was） it that +其他。如：
How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看见她是多久以前的事?
Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯?
Why is it always me who has to pay out? 为什么总是要我出钱？
Why was it that everyone else did better than me on the test? 为什么其他每个都考得比我好？
四、 强调句与 not...but...句式搭配
not...but....的意思是“不是……而是……”，该句式有时与强调句搭配使用，构成it is not...but...that...或it is not...that...but...这样的混合句式。如：
It was not greed but ambition that drove him to crime. 驱使他犯罪的并非贪婪而是野心。
It is not price but quality that sells our shoes. 我们的鞋好卖不是因为价钱低而是因为质量好。
It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance. 重要的不是谁是对的，而是什么才是对的。
It was not George that came， but his brother. 来的人不是乔治，而是他兄弟。
As far as he?蒺s concerned， it?蒺s not doing something wrong that matters， but not being caught doing something wrong， 就他而论，重要的不是做错事，而是做错事不被抓住。
五、 强调句与补充的 not结构搭配
强调句的基本结构是 it is...that...，但有时会在这类强调句的后面补充一个否定结构，构成 it is...that...， but...这样的句式，其实这类句式可视为强调句与not...but...搭配的一种变体。如：
It?蒺s pilots that we need， not ground staff. 我们需要的是飞行员，不是地勤人员。
It?蒺s speed that causes accidents， not bad roads. 造成车祸的常是超速行驶，而不是路况不好。
It was my aunt who took Peter to London yesterday， not my mother. 昨天把彼得带到伦敦去的是我姑母，不是我母亲。
有时not结构也可能出现在句中。如：
It was lack of money， not of effort， that defeated their plan. 他们的计划受挫，原因是缺少钱而不是没有尽力。
六、 强调句与...rather than...句式搭配
rather than的意思是“而不”，它与强调句搭配则构成it is...rather than...that...或 it is…that...rather than...。如：
It ought to be you rather than me that signs the letter. 在信上签字的应该是你而不是我。
It is the protection for the trees that really matters， rather than how many trees are planted. 真正重要的在于对树木的保护，而不在于种了多少树。
七、 强调句与 not...until...句式搭配
not...until...是大家比较熟悉的一个句式，意思是“直到……才……”，它与强调句搭配则构成it is not until...that...这样的句式。如：
It was not until I got to the station that I missed my wallet. 直到车站我才发觉钱包不见了。
It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness. 直到我遇到你以后，我才真正体会到幸福。
It was not until I saw him laughing that I realized what a fool I had been. 直到我看见他笑了，我才意识到我是多么笨。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她取下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名影星。
八、 强调句与more...than...句式搭配
more...than...的本义是“比……更……”，通常可根据具体语境理解为“不是……而是……”“与其说是……不如说是……”。如：
It was more for himself than for others that he bought it. 他买下那个东西与其说是为别人，还不如说是为他自己。
It was more in sorrow than in anger that he criticized his former colleague. 他批评以前的同事，并非出于气愤而是为他惋惜。
九、 强调句与高考题
强调句式 it is...that...一直是高考英语一个非常重要的考点，而且从近几年的考题情况来看，这类考题还往往具有一定的难度，句子也比较复杂，请看下面的几个实例：
1. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our work most. （2011年陕西卷）
A. who B. which C. that D. what
2. It?蒺s not what we do once in a while shapes our lives， but what we do consistently. （2011年湖南卷）
A which B. that C. how D. when
3. Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat went down? （2011年四川卷）
A. where B. that C. which D. what
4. ―Have you seen the film Under Tree?
― Of course， I have. It was in our village it was made. （2011年重庆卷）
A. that B. where C. when D. which
5. John?蒺s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today. （2010年湖南卷）
A. why B. when
C. which D. that
6. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. （2010年安徽卷）
A. where B. that
C. when D. which
注：以上六题的答案均为 that，均考查强调句的用法。
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