It was one of the 20th century’s most intriguing[引起兴趣的] mysteries[神秘的事物]. What really happened to the Romanovs? The last in a dynasty that ruled Russia for 304 years, Tsar Nicholas II, his wife, Alexandra, and their five children were taken prisoner during the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917注.
In the early morning hours of July 17th, 1918, their captors[捕捉者] reportedly executed[处死] the entire family near Yekaterinburg in central Russia. But no bodies were ever found, leading people to wonder if they might still be alive. Almost immediately, various people started stepping forward claiming to be surviving members of the Royal Family. None were more famous or more convincing[令人信服的] than Anna Andersen.
After jumping off a Berlin bridge in 1920, the young woman was sent to a mental hospital[精神病院], where she soon claimed to be the youngest Romanov daughter, Grand Duchess[(俄国)公主] Anastasia. Believers in her cause argued that she was even recognized by Romanov family members, other European royals and former courtiers[朝臣]. After more than a 30-year legal battle, a German court[法院] rejected Andersen’s claim to the Romanov fortune in 1970. She died in 1984 in Virginia, and DNA testing done in the 90s proved without a doubt that she was unrelated to the Romanovs.
But what about the real Anastasia and her family? In 1976, a team of Russian scientists finally found the remains of the Tsar and his wife, along with three of their daughters. They kept their discovery a secret until 1991, just before the fall of the Soviet Union. But the mystery continued as the remains of 13-year-old Prince Alexei and one of his sisters were still missing. Finally, in 2007, investigators[调查人员] found a separate grave. The remains inside were identified[鉴别] as Alexei and his 19-year-old sister Maria.
Did this discovery mark the end of the Romanov mystery? Not quite. DNA comparisons with living Romanov relatives confirmed the ID, but the Russian Orthodox[东正教的] Church remains unconvinced and is still deciding whether they can be buried with the rest of the Tsar’s family in a St. Petersburg cathedral.
这是20世纪最耐人寻味的谜团之一。罗曼诺夫一家到底遭遇了什么?罗曼诺夫王朝统治了俄国304年之久,这个王朝的末代沙皇――尼古拉二世、其妻子亚历山德拉,以及他们的五个孩子在1917年的俄国***期间成为阶下囚。
根据报告的说法,1918年7月17日清晨时分,逮捕他们的人在俄罗斯中部的叶卡捷琳堡附近将沙皇一家处决。但他们的遗体一直下落不明,于是人们纷纷怀疑他们是否还活着。紧接着,许多人开始站出来宣称自己是逃过一劫的皇族成员,当中最出名、也最有说服力的当属安娜・安德森。
1920年,一名年轻女子从柏林的一座桥上纵身跳下。被送进精神病院后不久,她声称自己是罗曼诺夫家最小的女儿――阿纳斯塔西娅・罗曼诺娃女大公。相信她的人争辩说,连罗曼诺夫的家族成员、其他欧洲皇族和前朝的朝臣都认出了她。1970年,经过三十多年的法律诉讼,德国一个法院驳回了安德森索取罗曼诺夫家族财产的申请。她于1984年在(美国)弗吉尼亚州去世。90年代的DNA检测证实,毫无疑问,安德森和罗曼诺夫一家没有任何亲属关系。
但真正的阿纳斯塔西娅和她的家人怎么了?1976年,一队俄罗斯科学家终于找到了沙皇、其妻子以及他们三个女儿的遗骸。直到1991年前苏联解体之前,他们才把自己的发现公诸于世。然而,13岁的阿列克谢王子和他某个姐姐的遗体依然不知所踪,所以谜团仍未解开。最终,2007年,调查人员找到了一个单独的坟墓,里面的遗骸被证实属于阿列克谢和他的姐姐――19岁的玛利亚。
这一发现能否为罗曼诺夫家族之谜画上句号?未必。和罗曼诺夫亲戚进行的DNA比对虽然证实了(这两具)遗体的身份,但俄罗斯东正教会对此还是持怀疑态度,他们仍在考虑两人是否能和沙皇一家合葬在圣彼得堡的一座教堂里。
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1918年7月16日深夜(或7月17日凌晨),尼古拉二世家族,包括和他们在一起的仆人近十人被看管他们的布尔什维克秘密警察赶到地下室,使用机关***扫射处决。他们的尸体被浇上硫酸和汽油销毁,残骸被埋在叶卡捷琳堡的一个废弃洞穴中。那一年,尼古拉二世50岁,妻子46岁,儿子阿列克谢14岁,大女儿奥尔加23岁,二女儿塔季娅娜21岁,三女儿玛利亚19岁,小女儿阿纳斯塔西娅17岁。
苏联解体后,沙皇一家的遗体被重新找到,并经DNA检测得到确认。1998年,根据俄罗斯总统叶利钦的命令,沙皇一家的遗体被隆重安葬在圣彼得堡的彼得―保罗要塞教堂中。2000年,尼古拉二世全家被俄罗斯东正教会追封为殉教圣徒。2007年夏天,研究者在叶卡捷琳堡附近的乌拉尔山脉的森林中发现了一些遗骸,检测证明这些最新找到的遗骸正是沙皇儿子阿列克谢王子和姐姐玛利亚的遗体遗骸,但两人的遗体未能和沙皇埋葬在一起。
注:1917年俄国***是1917年于俄国发生的一系列***运动的统称,这些运动最终了俄罗斯帝国并建立了苏联。
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