学文网GMAT语法讲解：状语从句
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状语从句的省略:
a)正确形式:
表示时间/条件/转折/让步的连词(when/while/if/unless/although/even though/even if) + 形容词短语/-ing短语/-ed短语
(逻辑主语等于句子主语) (所以when a child/ when children是错的; if + n.也是错的)
b)错误形式:表示时间/条件/转折的连词 + 介词短语/名词短语 (although just inside the orbit of Jupiter是错的)(OG10-69)
c)特殊情况:once可以加介词短语/名词短语; whatever可以加名词短语
d) 状语从句省略的条件：
第一点是毫无疑问的：逻辑主语等于句子主语
第二点也是必须的：从句的谓语必需是be(没要求主句谓语也必须是be!换句话说可以看成是省略了一个be)，且从句主语和谓语要么同省，要么同留。
pronounce固定搭配
pronounce sb/sth (as) sth/adj:
The victim was pronounced dead on arrival.
I now pronounce you man and wife.
amount
不能修饰可数名词
The amount of unemployed capital is very large.
未被利用的资金数量很大。
The railroad gives free transportation for a certain amount of baggage.
铁路免费运送的行李是有一定数量的。
It all amounts to a lot of hard work.
那一切意味着大量艰苦工作。
economic和economical
economic 是”经济上的”，economical是”节约的”。
1)economic [only before noun]PE relating to trade, industry, and the management of money
Economic growth is slow.
the governments economic policy
Economic reform is needed.
In the current economic climate (=conditions), we must keep costs down
2) economical =cheap or not wasteful.
possibility的固定搭配:
possibility (that)
Theres always a possibility that he might go back to Seattle.
possibility for/of (doing) something
exciting possibilities for reducing costs
Archer began to explore the possibilities of opening a club in the city.
错误搭配：possibility to do sth.
view固定搭配：
view sth. as sth.
而view sth. to be sth.错误。
announce固定搭配：
(1) announce something to somebody 或者 announce to somebody something (相当于宾语后置)
(2) announce a decision/intention/plan (在这个时候如果plan等后面接to do不会产生to do做状语修饰announce的歧义)*:The government has announced plans to create 10,000 new jobs.
(3) announce (that)
(4) announce somebody/yourself 通报...的到达;通知...已准备好(注意这个短语有专门意思)
错误用法：
(1) announce to do/be sth. 【错误】
limit的固定搭配：
n. : limit on sth.; limit to do sth.; limit for sb./sth.
Theres a limit on the time you have to take the test.
The time limit for making claims is three months.
Theres no age limit for applicants.
Theres a limit to what we can do to help.
vt.: limit sb. to sth.; limit sth. (to sth.); be limited to sth
状语从句的练习题
由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。
（一）时间状语从句
表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner … than, hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等引导。 e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
He started as soon as he received the news. Once you see him, you will never forget him. No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.
（二）原因状语从句
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。
e.g. He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.As it is raining, I will not go out. Now that you mention it, I do remember.
（三）地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。
e.g. Sit wherever you like.
Make a mark where you have a question.
（四）目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。
She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons. He left early in case he should miss the train.
（五）结果状语从句
结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）, so … that, such … that等引导。
e.g. She was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting.He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
（六）条件状语从句
条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。
e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch. You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean. So far as I know（据我所知）, he will be away for three months. You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don’t go too far away from the river bank.
If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
（七）让步状语从句
让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether … or, no matter who (when, what, …) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。
e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot.Child as he is, he knows a lot. Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll never change my mind.
（八）方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引导。 e.g. You must do the exercise as I show you. He acted as if nothing had happened.
（九）比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用than, so (as) … as, the more … the more等引导。 e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford. The busier he is, the happier he feels.
（十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题
1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. 2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。
e.g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.If (you are) asked you may come in. If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again. 3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。
e.g. You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句） （定语从句，句中有先行词） I don’t know where he came from.（宾语从句） （主语从句） This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）
选择填空：
1. I’ll let you know ____ he comes back.
A. beforeB. because C. as soon as D. although
2. She will sing a song ____ she is asked.
A. if B. unlessC. forD. since
3. We will work ____ we are needed.
A. whenever B. because C. sinceD. wherever
4. Read it aloud _____ the class can hear you.
A. so thatB. if C. when D. although
5._____ you go, dont forget your people.
A. WheneverB. However C. Wherever D. Whichever
6. It is about ten years _____ I met you last.
A. since B. forC. when D. as
7. They will never succeed, _____ hard they try.
A. because B. however C. when
8. _____ still half drunk, he made his way home.
A. WhenB. Because C. Though
9. _____ she was very tired, she went on working.
A. AsB. Although C. Even
10. Busy _____ he was, he tried his best to help you.
A. asB. whenC. since
11. I learned a little Russian _____ I was at middle school.
A. though B. although C. as if
12. _____ we got to the station, the train had left already.
A. If B. UnlessC. Since
13. _____ the rain stops, we 11 set off for the station.
A. BeforeB. UnlessC. As soon as
14. She was _____ tired _____ she could not move an inch.
A. so, that B. such, that C. very, that
15. We didn’t go home _____ we finished the work.
A. since B. untilC. because
16. Ill stay here _____ everyone else comes back.
A. even if B. as though C. because
17. Although its raining, _____ are still working in the field.
A. they B. but they C. and they
18. Speak to him slowly _____ he may understand you better.
A. since B. so thatC. for
19. Youll miss the train ______ you hurry up.
A. unlessB. asC. if
D. since D. As D. In spite of D. for D. when D. When D. Though D. so, as D. though D. until D. so they D. because D. until
20. When you read the book, you d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.
A. at which B. at where C. the place D. where
21. Wed better hurry ______ it is getting dark.
A. andB. butC. asD. unless
22. I didn t manage to do it _____ you had explained how.
A. untilB. unlessC. whenD. before
23._____ he comes, we wont be able to go.
A. Without B. UnlessC. ExceptD. Even
24. I hurried _____ I wouldnt be late for class.
A. since B. so thatC. as if D. unless
25. _____ I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.
A. Every time B. Though C. EvenD. Where
26. Whats the matter _____ they still havent answered the telegram?
A. when B. thatC. thoughD. however
27. Bring it nearer _____ I may see it better.
A. although B. even though C. so thatD. since
28. You may arrive in Beijing early _____ you mind taking the night train.
A. thatB. thoughC. unlessD. if
29. Helen listened carefully _____ she might discover exactly what she needed.
A. in thatB. in order that C. in caseD. even though
30. More people will eat out in restaurants _____ they do today.
A. thanB. whenC. whileD. as
31._____ hard she tries, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.
A. Much B. However C. AsD. Although
32. Poor _____ it may be, there is no place like home, _____ you may go.
A. as; wherever B. though; whenever C. in spite of; when D. that; wherever
33. The child was __ immediately after supper.
A. enough tired to go to bed
C. so tired that he went to bed
B. too tired to go to bed D. very tired, he went to bed
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