学文网考研英语中名词性从句的翻译方法
在日复一日的学习、工作或生活中，大家对英语都不陌生吧，以下是为大家整理的考研英语中名词性从句的翻译方法，欢迎大家分享。
名词性从句之重点和难点——同位语从句
名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句三种从句直接翻译成相应的主语、宾语和表语。考研翻译中名词性从句的难点在同位语从句，因为汉语中没有同位语，翻译的时候要进行相应的转换。
同位语从句的作用主要是对名词作进一步的解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句常由that引导。首先需要区分that引导的同位语从句和that引导的定语从句。这两种从句区分的方法之一是看that在从句中是否充当成分。若that不做任何成分，则是同位语从句，否则是定语从句。另外从两种从句的功能上来区分的话，同位语从句是对前面的名词进行补充、说明，而定语从句是对前面的名词或代词(即先行词)进行修饰。
同位语从句的翻译
(1)当同位语从句比较简单、短小的时候，可以翻译到所修饰的名词之前，相当于前置的修饰语。
例句1：The rumor that 2012 Doomsday is inevitable is unfounded.
参考译文：2012年世界末日是不可避免的这一传闻是没有根据的。(增词)
例句2：Everyone knows the fact that the earth revolves the sun.
参考译文：所有人都知道地球围绕太阳转这一事实。
(2)如果同位语从句出现在主句之后，一般增加"即"这样的词来连接，或者用冒号直接引出同位语从句。
例句1：We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.
参考译文：我们已经得出结论：实践是检验真理的标准。
例句2：But this does not in any way alter the fact that they are now, from a practical point of view, irrational.
参考译文：但这却丝毫改变不了这样一个事实，即从实用的观点来看，它们在今天仍是不合理的。
3)同位语从句位于主句的前半部分，本身又不是很短的时候，往往采用先翻译同位语从句，再翻译主句的方法，此时往往重复同位语从句所说明的词，如"这一想法"，"这一观点"，"这一事实"等。
真题例句(2007年，48题)：But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
参考译文：记者必须比普通公民对法律有更深刻的理解，但是这种观点是基于对新闻媒体既有惯例和特殊责任的理解。
名词性从句译法
(1) what引导
1. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does.
当我回忆起悲伤事件时，我所做的和所有人一样。
2. What makes this figure different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market.
他说道，使得这一数字与先前不同的原因在于，市场中仍然存在买家。
3. Knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.
了解了你擅长的领域，并多加练习，就能变得优秀。
4. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing.
我们无意识地将快餐和速度及不耐烦联系起来，并把这种冲动带入到日常所做的每一件事中去。
5. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.
一个困难在于，几乎所有成为行为科学的学科都继续到心态、感觉、性格特征、人性等因素中去探究行为。
6. To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose.
如果能将独特性与普遍性相分离，我们就能够理解文化行为产生的复杂性。
(2) how引导
1. The question is how we can get the loan.
问题是我们获得贷款的方式。
2. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
希腊人认为本语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系，这种观点早在人们意识到语言的千差万别之前就已经在欧洲扎下了根。
3. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answers.
在谷歌上进行一次搜索便会产生0.2到7.0克的二氧化碳，具体数值取决于人们得到“正确”答案所需的查询次数。
(3) 其它
1. Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.
无论如何，镇民们还是不能够理解皇家莎士比亚剧团需要补助的原因。
2. They caught up to where they should have stayed.
他们终于来到他们本该呆的地方。
3. He told them who he was and what he had done in the past.
他向他们讲述他的身份和经历。
4. When the first draft should be finished and how it should be ameliorated are just two of a great number of difficulties that the fledging newspaper reporter encounters.
完成初稿的时间以及修改方式，是这个初出茅庐的新闻记者面临的众多问题中的两个。
5. This is why the more neutral substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists.
这就是很多医师和心理学家现在更多使用中性物质的原因。
6. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.
根据演讲对象的不同，问题应该也有所不同。
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