学文网1.动名词主语
1) 名词直接放在句首作主语。例如:
Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries.
用右手握手是许多国家的一种习俗。
2) 动名词在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名词 + doing”结构中作主语,it为形式主语。例如:
It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.
写信给他不妥,他从来不回信。
It is no use your complaining; the company won’t do anything about it.
抱怨是没有用的,公司是不会管的。
3) 动名词在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容词 + doing”结构中作主语。例如:
It is good playing chess after supper.
晚饭后弈棋挺好。
It is useless speaking.
光说是没有用的。
4) 动名词在“There is(was) no + doing”结构中作主语。例如:
There is no denying that she is very efficient.
她效率高是不容否认的。
There is no telling what he is going to do.
他要做什么一点消息都没有。
2. 动名词作宾语
1) 有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词有:
admit 承认 ; excuse 原谅 ; postpone 拖延 ;anticipate 期望; fancy 想象
practise 练习; appreciate 欣赏; finish 完成; prevent 防止; avoid 避免;
forbid 禁止; propose 建议; consider 考虑; forgive 宽恕; recollect 回忆;
delay 耽搁; imagine 想象; resent 厌恶; deny 否认; involve 涉及;
resist 抵制; detest 厌恶; keep 保留; risk 冒险; dislike 讨厌; mind 在意; save 挽救; dread 害怕; miss 错过; suggest 建议; enjoy 喜欢; pardon 原谅;
understand 理解; escape 逃避;permit 允许
例如:
I recommend buying the dictionary.
我建议买这本词典。
I don’t anticipate meeting any opposition.
我估计不会遇到任何反对意见。
Will you admit having broken the window?
你承认不承认打破了窗户?
2) 有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有:
can’t stand 忍不住; can’t help 忍不住; feel like 想,欲;
give up 放弃; put off 推迟
例如:
He put off making a decision till he had more information.
在获得详情之前,他没有急于作出决定。
Do you feel like taking a walk?
你要不要去散步?
3) 动名词常跟在介词或介词短语后做宾语。常这样用的介词短语有:instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。
例如:
We are looking forward to coming to China.
我们期待着来中国。
We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.
我们终于克服了所有的困难。
4) 在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + 动名词; be busy (in) + 动名词;waste time (in) + 动名词;lost time (in) + 动名词;There is no point (in) + 动名词”等结构中,动名词做介词宾语,in常要省去。例如:
The children are busy doing their homework.
孩子们忙于做作业。
There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.
再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。
5) 在复合宾语中,用it作形式宾语,将动名词短语放在后面。例如:
I consider it a wasteof time arguing about it.
我认为辩论这事是很浪费时间的。
6) 在“there be”结构当中,be为动名词时,该结构也是一种带逻辑主语的动名词形式。例如:
We can imagine there being a lot of fuss about it.
我们可以想象到人们对此大惊小怪。
Were you disappointed at there not having been more gifts?
你对没有更多的礼物感到失望吗?
3. 动名词的被动式
1) 动词need, require, want, deserve后,用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动结构。例如:
The watch needs repairing. (=The watch needs to be repaired.)
这块表需要修理。
The problem deserves thinking about. (=The problem deservers to be thought about.)
这个问题值得考虑。
2) 在(be)worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。例如:
His
suggestion is worth considering. 他的提议值得考虑。