内容摘要:敦煌研究院藏佚本《维摩诘经注》写卷为北朝写本,以大字为标目,小字书写注文,其体例为单注,而非“子母注”或集注。写卷背面也是《维摩诘经》注解,是抄者对写卷正面内容所作的补充,应定名作“维摩诘经补注”。该件写卷正背面可视作一个整体,作为《维摩诘经》早期注本,具有很高的学术价值。
关键词:敦煌文献;维摩诘经注;子母注
中***分类号:K870.6 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2012)03-0091-06
Further Research on Annotations on the Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra, a Dunhuang Manuscript kept at Dunhuang Academy
Also on the Annotations of Parent-Child Relationships
TAO Jiajun1 MIAO Yu2
(1. School of Literature, Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215123;
2. School of Literature, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211171)
Abstract: The transcription of the long-lost Annotations on Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra, which is in Dunhuang Academy's collections, is a hand-written copy done in the Northern Dynasties. In the transcription, the keywords of the sutra were written in larger-sized Chinese characters followed by annotation in smaller-sized Chinese characters. The author made two main unprecedented discoveries through his study. First, the annotations were made by one person. It is not the parent-child annotation style or a variorum edition. Second, what is written on the back of the transcription also consists of annotations on the sutra and is complementary to what was written on the front side. These annotations can be called a complementary annotation of the Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra. The author regards both sides of the transcription of the Annotations on Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra as a whole. As an early copy of the annotation of Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra, it has high academic value.
Keywords: Transcription found in Dunhuang; Annotations on Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra; Parent-child annotation
《甘肃藏敦煌文献》[1-2]首次发表了定名为“维摩诘经疏释”的写卷原件照片,分别为土地庙出土的敦研066号、067号以及收集品247号、248号、249号、250号、251号、252号、375号{1}。这些写卷皆为北朝写本{2},为同一形式、同一人书写,内容没有重复,当年应是一件,源自敦煌藏经洞{3},后流传各处。难能可贵的是,敦研375号写卷流传至日本后,幸得日本友人回赠{4},方得完璧。敦研066号写卷叙录称:
注释《维摩诘经》者,从罗什开始,代不乏人。此件为北朝写本,长期未能查出注疏者何人。几十年前,著名学者汤一介先生访问敦煌,曾见过这批写本,认为是十分重要的文献,希望早日发表。由于各种原因,这批文献原封未动,汤先生的期望未能实现。此次发表原件,也只是考查了一下究竟是何经何品的注释而己。[1]248
由于时间较晚,方广锠、许培铃两位先生在《敦煌遗书中的〈维摩诘所说经〉及其注疏》[3]一文中没有提及这件写卷。经查,《大正藏》、《中华藏》等藏经也均未收录。《敦煌研究》2008年第3期发表了袁德领先生的《敦煌研究院藏〈佚本《维摩诘经注》〉的几个问题》[4]一文,就这件文献的现状、来源、定名等做了一些较为细致的介绍和探讨,很有意义,但仔细读来,感觉意犹未尽,亦有可斟酌之处,故在此提出笔者的一些看法,末学肤受,尚祈博雅君子不吝指正。
一 文献的定名
《甘肃藏敦煌文献》将该件写卷定名为“维摩诘经疏释”,袁德领先生则定作“佚本《维摩诘经注》”。袁先生所说极是,因为“疏”通常是指在注释的基础上再加解释,从内容上看,写卷是直接给《维摩诘经》罗什译本经文作注,并非疏释,同时,该注本又不见于现存经藏中,因此宜定名作“佚本《维摩诘经注》”。
此佚本《维摩诘经注》写卷今存9纸,各纸尺寸相当于北朝写卷的一纸{5}。今据录文及校勘,各纸具体定名、行数及缀合情况,见表1。
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