一、作连词,引导时间状语从句
1、把before译成“在……之间”,这时主句与before从句中的两个动作按时间先后依次发生。如:It was evening before we reached the little town of Winchester.(在他们到达小城镇之前就是晚上了。)
2、把before译成为“以后……才”,副词“才”在汉语中强调某事发生得晚或者慢。如:The American Civil was lasted four years before the North won in the end.(美国南北战争持续了四年之后北方才最终取得了胜利。)
3、把before译成“不久……就”,目的在于强调主句动作发生在从句的动作以前。如:---Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting? ---He rushed out of the room before I could say a word.(我还没来及说一句话,他就冲出了房间。)
4、把before译成“尚未”,“还没有”,“来不及”,“不要”,“别”。如;Take it before you change your mind.(买了吧,不要三心二意。) The hawks all had flown away before we fired a shot.(我们还没有来得及发一***,老鹰全都飞了。) I started my meal before Adam arrived.(亚当尚未达到,我就开始吃饭了。) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation before it got worse.(他出了差错,但没等其进一步恶化,他就调整了局势。)
5、把before译成“如果”,“否则”,“免得”。如:Pigs will fly before he’ll become a mathematician.(如果他能当数学家,猪都会飞了。) Go before I call the police.(走吧,否则我叫警察了。) Now let me tell you this before I forget.(让我现在把此事告诉你,免得我以后忘了。)
6、把before译成“等到”,“还没等……就”。如:The crop will die before the rain falls.(等到天下雨,庄稼早就枯死了。) Before I could sit down, she offered me a cup of tea.(没等我坐下,她就给我端上来一杯茶。) Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.(不要高兴得太早。)
7、把before译成“然后”。如:I shaved before I went to the party.(我刮了脸,然后去参加宴会。)
8、把before译成“宁愿”,“与其……宁可”。如:He would die before he would betray his country.(他宁愿死也不向他道歉。)
9、用于句型“It+will/would/may+be+时间段+before”或者“It+was+时间段+before”,译成“要过多久才……”。其否定形式译成“不久就”。如: It will not be long before we know the result of the experiment.(不久我们就知道了实验的结果了。) It was some time before we realized the truth.(过一段时间我们才知道事情的真相。)
10、与hardly/scarcely连用,表示“刚……就”。如:I had hardly sat down before the telephone rang.(我刚一坐下,电话就响了。) We had scarcely reached the school before the bell rang.(我们刚一到校,铃声就响了。)
11、和其他相似句型的区别。
(1) 有时before引导的时间状语从句与since/when引导的时间状语从句在下列结构中较相似,容易混淆。“It+be+时间段+since”引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……已经有多长时间了。”主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。“It+be+时间点+when”引导的时间状语从句表示“某个动作发生时,是某个时间。”主句谓语动词可以是一般过去时,也可以是一般将来时。如:It’s almost five years since we saw each other last time.(自从上次我们见面以来已经近五年没有见面了。) Did Jack come back early last night? Yes.It was not yet eight o’clock when he arrived home.(他昨晚回家时还不到八点。)
(2) before long与long before的区别。before long意为“不久,很快。”常在句中作状语,多与动词的过去时或将来时连用。如:The work will be finished before long.(不久工作就会完成。)Before long he had to move on again.(不久他被迫再次迁移。) long before意为“很久以前”。它单独使用时,before是介词,它后面接从句时,before是连词。这个词组常与过去时或过去完成时连用,跟从句时可用在一般现在时的句子中。如;It will be long before he arrives.(还要等很久他才能到达。)
二、before作副词,译为“早于,过去,已经”(at an earlier time,in the past, already)如:I’ve never seen the film Titanic before.(我以前看过《泰坦尼克》那部影片。) I have never seen such beautiful flowers before.(我以前从未见过如此美丽的花。)
before 与ago作副词的区别:
before多用于完成时态中,可单独使用。ago多用于过去时态中,不能单独使用。如:I met my neighbour an hour ago.(我一小时前遇见了我的邻居。) He said he had finished the work two days before.(他说他在两天前就完成了工作。)
三、作介词
before作介词可以指时间earlier than在……之前,也可以指位置in front of在……之前。如:There is nothing that has not been bitter before being ripe.(凡事在成熟前,都是有苦味的。) Don’t put the cart before the horse.(不要本末倒置。)
作介词时, 一般不用来表示地点,但以下情况可以表示次序的排列。
如;Your name comes before me.(你的名字在我的前面。)
表示在某人或某物面前:
如:We’ll never bow before difficulties.(在困难面前我们从不低头。)
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