在中国,一个无厘头的人为节日,经过商家的精心策划,演变成了一个举国同庆、万家齐败的购物狂欢节,销售额高达数百亿,全世界都为之瞩目,这便是双十一光棍节。今天我们就来谈谈和双十一有关的词语的英语翻译。
一、光棍和单身汉(singles、bachelors、singletons、bare sticks/branches)
光棍是单身汉的俗称,较为正式的英语表达是singles和bachelors。光棍通常指男性,但近来也有将单身女性(spinsters)包含在内的倾向。不少英语媒体在介绍这个词在中国语境中的含义时,为了使读者更好地理解它的字面意义,译成bare sticks/branches,例如:
① Chinese bachelors are traditionally called bare sticks or bare branches because they have no offshoots or offspring yet.
② Bare sticks refer, obviously, to men, but the contemporary festival is for all singles and has emerged as something like Valentine’s Day, Chinese Lovers’ Day and Christmas among young Chinese people.
但bare sticks/branches只是一种解释性翻译,并不能成为“光棍”的正式译法。
二、光棍节与双十一(Singles’ Day、Bachelors’ Day、Double 11、November 11、Bare Sticks Day、Bare Sticks Festival)
光棍节通常译为Singles’ Day或Bachelors’ Day,也可写为Singles Day、Single’s Day、 Bachelors Day、Bachelor’s Day。光棍节从诞生时起就和双十一结下了不解之缘,主要是因为11.11看起来就像是四条光棍。下面是维基百科对光棍节的介绍:
Singles’ Day or Guanggun Jie (literally: “bare sticks holiday”) is an entertaining festival widespread among young Chinese people, to celebrate the fact that they are proud of being single. The date, November 11th (11/11), is chosen because the number “1” resembles an individual that is alone.
《彭博社》(Bloomberg News)对光棍节的介绍:
Singles’ Day is celebrated on November 11 because the date―11/11―is reminiscent of “bare branches,” the Chinese expression for bachelors and spinsters.
光棍节的起源众说纷纭,但最常见的说法是源自于大学校园的娱乐文化:
Singles’ Day or Bachelors’ Day, which originated from Nanjing University in 1993, was initially celebrated at various universities in Nanjing during the 1990s. It got the name “Singles’ Day” because the date consists of four “one”s. Upon graduating, the college students spread their university tradition amongst the masses. Singles’ Day has become largely popularized in the internet era and is now observed by young people in several regions outside of China as well. (维基百科)
也有人把光棍节叫作反情人节(Anti-Valentine’s Day),是单身汪们对自己孑然一身的无奈的自嘲。
国际上有一个黑***人节(Black Day)是4月14日,类似于光棍节,在韩国非常流行。据说,2月14日情人节(Valentine’s Day)是女人给情侣送礼物(通常是巧克力)的节日,3月14日则是白***人节(White Day),是男人给女人回赠礼物(也是巧克力)的节日,而4月14日则是单身汪的节日,在前两个节日没有收到礼物的单身汪这一天会穿上黑色衣服聚会,吃黑色食物,通常是炸酱面,以此来追念一个单身汪的凄凉情怀。这个节日也被商家利用成为一个购物节、促销节,但其影响远远没有双十一那么震撼。
三、双十一购物狂欢节(Double 11 Shopping Carnival/Bonanza)
随着双十一作为光棍节越来越受到年轻人的喜爱和关注,敏感的商家从中发现了商机,电商巨头(ecommerce giant)阿里巴巴以天猫和淘宝为平台,启动了一场轰轰烈烈的购物大狂欢,硬是把一个小小的光棍节变成了一个全民购物狂欢节。对此,《彭博社》是这样报道的:
Singles’ Day, a twist on Valentine’s Day, started in China in the 1990s as an obscure (不起眼的) holiday but has snowballed (滚雪球般扩大) into a consumer phenomenon thanks largely to Alibaba Group Holding Ltd., founded by Jack Ma and which runs China’s largest online marketplace … In 2009, Alibaba sparked the flame that turned it into what it is today―a massive marketing event selling everything from electronics and clothing to cosmetics and food at big discounts. It sells through Tmall, AliExpress (阿里巴巴全球速卖通) and Taobao Marketplace platforms, and through merchants’ brick-and-mortar stores (实体店).
双十一在极短时间内所刷新的巨大销售额是传统购物形式所无法想象的,连海外媒体都感到瞠目结舌,从他们所的新闻标题上即可见一斑:
① China’s Singles Day sets spending record (from Financial Times)
中国人创光棍节花钱的新记录
② Forget Black Friday and Cyber Monday:100m shoppers splash out on China’s Single’s Day (from The Guardian)
忘了黑色星期五和网络星期一吧:数以亿计的中国网购者在光棍节挥金如土
四、西方购物节
其实,西方人也有类似的剁手节,比如美国感恩节后的Black Friday (黑色星期五)和Cyber Monday (网络星期一),以及英国的Boxing Day (节礼日)等。
1. 黑色星期五(Black Friday)
“黑色星期五”是感恩节(Thanksgiving Day,11月第四个星期四)后开业的第一天,也是人们圣诞购物季的开始(the start of the Christmas shopping season)。传统上,商家用不同颜色的墨水来记账,红色表示亏损即赤字(in the red),黑色表示盈利(in the black),Black Friday由此而来。对于商店员工来说,这一天忙忙碌碌,也是a black day。
2. 网络星期一(Cyber Monday)
网络星期一是感恩节假期之后的第一个上班日的网购促销活动,该词最早出现在2005年11月28日网站的一条新闻:Cyber Monday Quickly Becoming One of the Biggest Online Shopping Days of the Year。和Black Friday不同的是,Cyber Monday只在网络上进行交易,参与主体也是小型零售商。
3. 节礼日(Boxing Day)
节礼日是英国及英联邦国家庆贺的节日,时间在圣诞节次日,即12月26日。和圣诞节一样,节礼日也是一个购物狂欢节。
In the UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, Boxing Day is primarily known as a shopping holiday … It is a time when shops hold sales often with dramatic price reductions. For many merchants, Boxing Day has become the day of the year with the greatest revenue.
然而,从销售规模上来说,这些购物节都无法和双十一相比,CNN在对2016年双十一销售情况的报道中曾进行过比较:There’s no other shopping bonanza quite like Alibaba’s Singles Day, which has once again smashed records … The tech giant reported $17.8 billion in sales during this year’s frenzy, breaking the record of $14.3 billion set in 2015. That’s more than Black Friday and Cyber Monday combined.
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