学文网摘 要：英语倒装结构分为部分倒装和全部倒装两种。部分倒装共有9种常用形式，全部倒装共有4种常用形式。本文对每种倒装结构进行了详细地讲解，并提出了应该注意的一些问题。
关键词：倒装结构 用法 注意
英语句子一般语序应是主语在前，谓语在后。如果把谓语的一部分放在主语之前就叫做倒装结构。这种结构分为部分倒装和全部倒装两种。前者是指把助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前，后者是指整个谓语动词部分放在主语之前。
一、部分倒装的基本用法
1.用于疑问句中
如：Have you finished your work?
When are you leaving for Paris?
2.only和它所修饰的状语位于句首时
如：Only after liberation was he able to go to school.
Only this morning did I hear the good news.
Only in this way can you learn English well.
注意：only放在句首，强调主语时，语序不必倒装。
如：Only Mr.Wang knows about it.
只有王先生知道这事。
3.用于以so，neither，nor开头的句子，表示“也（不）……”意思时
Li Ming can speak three languages.So can I.
I don’t know where he lives.Neither does she.
The students were not in the classroom.Nor was the teacher.
注意：（1）当前面陈述句有两个以上不同类型的谓语动词时，如be，do或can等，或者既有肯定式又有否定式时，如have和hasn’t等，不能单独使用so或者neither/nor，而应使用另外的句型结构。
如：1）-I like chicken，but I don’t like fish.
-So it is with me.
2）Tom is an American，but lives in China.It is the same with Jack.
（2）在so...that...结构中，如果so在句首，通常也用部分倒装。
如：So easy is it that a boy can learn it.
So rapidly did he speak that we could hardly understand him clearly.
4.具有否定含义的副词或连词位于句首时。这些词语是：not，never，seldom，scarcely，rarely little，not only，not until，no sooner...than...，hardly...when...，in no way，at no time，by no means，in no case，on no account，under no circumstances等
如：Never have I read such an interesting book.
Little did I think that I would lose the game.
Hardly had we gathered in the wheat when it began to rain.
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain heavily.
5.虚拟条件从句省去if时，须用倒装结构，其格式是：Were（Had，Should）+主语+主要动词
如：Were he here，we would be able to solve the problem.
Had you come a few minutes earlier，you would have seen
him.
Should you dare to break the rule again，you would be
punished.
6.as引导让步状语从句时，将从句中的表语、状语放在句首
如：Child as he is，he speaks English very well.
尽管他还是个孩子，他的英语说得很好。（注意此句型中，提到句首的单数名前不用冠词。）
Scientist as she is，she wants to learn more.
Fast as you run，you can’t catch up with him.
7.由be引起的倒装句表示让步并带有虚拟结构的特点，即用be原形
如：The business of each day，be it selling goods or shipping them，went quite smoothly.
（be it selling goods or shipping them=whether it is selling goods or shipping them）
每天的生意，无论是售货还是运货，都进行得很顺利。
The experiences of a different nature，be it television watching or bird-watching，can lead to a self-renewal and a more “balanced” way of life.
某种不同性质的经历，不管是看电视还是看鸟，都能导致自我更新和一种“平衡”生活方式。
8.频度副词 often，always 等出现在句首时，句子要倒装
如：Often did we warn them not to do so.
Always will we remember the importance of the meeting.
9.to such a degree，to such an extent，to such a point放在句首表示程度，句子要倒装
如：To such an extent did his health deteriorate that he was forced to retire.
他的健康状况恶化，他被迫退休。
二、完全倒装的基本用法
1.在以here，there，up，down，in，out，away等副词开头的句子里，主语是名词时，句子倒装以示强调。但主语是代词时，主谓不倒装
如：Here comes the bus.汽车来了。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
In came the teacher.老师进来了。
但：Out he rushed.他冲了出去。
2.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，主谓常倒装，但主语是代词时，一般不倒装
如：“You all did well in the exam，”said the teacher.
“Teacher，”said the monitor，“ We owe our success largely
to your hard work.”
“Whom are you looking for?”she asked.
3.在there be句型中，主语总是在谓语之后，无论是在陈述句还是在疑问句中
如：There are some books on the desk.
Is there any ink in the bottle?
4.为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，或强调表语、状语时，也可以用完全倒装
如：Among them was a soldier who was wounded in the stomach.
他们中间有一名士兵腹部受伤。
Present at the meeting were the school headmaster，the English teacher and the students’ parents.
出席会议的有校长、英语教师和学生们的家长。
另外，部分倒装或全部倒装还可用于某些表示祝愿的句子。
如：May you succeed!
Long live the People’s Republic of China!
参考文献：
［1］张道真.实用英语语法［M］.外语教学与研究出版社，2006：590-594.
［2］薄冰.薄冰英语语法［M］.开明出版社，2005：559-565.