学文网辨析近义词篇1
审视词语的感情色彩与所处的语境色彩是否相融，能否变通；审视词语的语体色彩是否符合句子的语言风格。色彩是指词义附带的某种倾向、情调。它表现为两个方面：一是表现为感情上的不同，即对某人某物或某现象的或褒或贬，叫做感情色彩；二是表现为语言风格的不同，或庄重或诙谐，或谦敬或讽刺，或委婉或直露，或文白或雅俗，这叫做语体色彩。我们一起分析下面两题：
1、感情色彩
例1：依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是（ ）
①毋庸_______，法兰西优秀的民族文化是人类历史上的一笔宝贵财富。
②小男孩一下子_______索然了，站在那里没有目标地东张西望。
③2008年大蒜种植面积减少，大蒜产量急剧下降，______2009年出现大蒜价格不切实际地猛增。
A．置疑 兴味 以致
B．质疑 趣味 以致
C．质疑 趣味 以至
D．置疑 兴味 以至
【辨析】答案为A。“以至”表示由于上文所说的动作、情况的程度很深而形成的结果。“以致”用于表示不好的结果。故③选用“以致”。
2、语体色彩
例2：依次填人下列各句横线处的词句，最恰当的一组是（ ）
①2006年1月1日，中国26年来粮食接受联合国__________的历史画上了句号。
②“保卫***”网站遭受黑客袭击，________仍在修复当中。
③帕金森病是常见的中老年神经系统疾病，拳王阿里就患有______病。
A．馈赠 日前 该
B．捐赠 目前 该
C．馈赠 目前 本
D．捐赠 日前 本
【辨析】答案为B。“该”：指上文说过的人或事物，多用于公文，书面语。“本”：是指自己方面的，多用于口语。
二、从词语的词义轻重方面辨析
词义的内涵有深有浅，程度有轻有重，这也是辨析的一个要点。比如“违反”和“违犯”，前者指不符合规程或不遵守纪律制度，后者是指违背和触犯法律法令；前者词义轻，后者词义重。“嘲笑”和“讥笑”，前者指用言词笑话别人，后者指讥讽和嘲笑；前者词义轻，后者词义重。“熟悉”和“熟习”，“熟悉”指知道得详细清楚，“熟习”指学习技术领会得很深刻，掌握得很熟练；前者词义轻，后者词义重。
例题1：称奇、称道
在西藏高原的雪山中也有热带风光，也长着香蕉和菠萝，这实在是一件令人啧啧_________的事。
【辨析】“称道”是称述，称赞；“称奇”是称赞奇妙。“称奇”比“称道”语义重。此句用“称奇”。
例题2：报怨、抱怨
做错事只能怪自己，不能_______别人。
【辨析】“报怨”是对所怨恨的人做出反应，词义重。“抱怨”是心中不满，数说别人不对；埋怨，词义轻。此句该用“抱怨”。
三、从词语之间的搭配习惯辨析
如“交流”和“交换”，“交流”搭配的对象大都是意义较抽象或所指范围较大的词，如“交流思想”“交流经验”“交流文化”“交流物资”等；“交换”搭配的对象大都是意义较具体或所指范围较小的词，如“交换礼物”“交换意见”“交换资料”“交换产品”等。我们一起分析下面例题：
例题1：度过、渡过
我们必须同心协力来_______危机。
【辨析】“度过”通常用于时间方面，“渡过”从此岸到彼岸，常用于江河湖海或通过困难、难关、危机等。此句该用“渡过”。
例题2：依次填入句中横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是：
①“2011CCTV形象中国・非常自我造型・形象代言人选拔大赛”将在湖南拉开帷幕。欲知详情，欢迎______央视网站。
②曹操高陵的发现，______了古代文献中对曹操高陵的位置、曹操所倡导的薄葬制度等有关记载是确凿可信的。
③多年以后，我们也依然会记得高中三年的美好时光______我们终将分离。
A．登陆 验证 虽然
B．登录 印证 虽然
C．登录 验证 即使
D．登陆 印证 即使
【辨析】答案为B “登陆”：一是渡过海洋或江河登上陆地，特指作战的***队登上敌方的陆地；（如：台风登陆）二是比喻商品打入某地市场。（如：这种新型空调已经登陆上海市场。）“登录”：一是登记：登录在案。二是注册。“注册”是指计算机用户输入用户名和密码，以取得计算机网络系统的认可。由此可见①句中欢迎______央视网站。应该选用登录与之搭配。
“印证”：证明与事实相符合。“验证”：通过试验得到证实。“虽然”，表示是必然的事实，转折关系；“即使”，假设关系。
四、从词语的语法功能方面辨析
有的近义词词性不同，它们在造句时表现的语法功能就不同。而词义差别正是由这个不同的词性造成的，在辨析近义词时，要善于抓住这个因素。
例题1：必须、必需
解决矿难事故的关键，不仅在于提高领导者的责任意识、安全意识等 的素质，更重要的是______加大对责任人的制裁力度。
辨析近义词篇2
A. accidents B. events
C. incidents D. affairs
2. The train met with a terrible ___ and many passengers were injured.
A. thing B. incident
C. accident D. affair
3. The Chinese Revolution， next to the Russian Revolution， is the most important political ___ in history.
A. business B. accident
C. matter D. event
4. To everyone’s great joy， the missing child came back safe and sound ___ a month.
A. after B. later
C. in D. behind
5. ― How long ___ was that？
― It’s been nearly six years now.
A. before B. ago
C. later D. ahead
6. The evening ___ ， he played cards with his friends in Mary’s home till midnight.
A. before B. ago
C. forward D. later
7. Look！ There are so many birds flying ___ the beautiful lake.
A. above B. over
C. on D. through
8. The city government has ___ to all the citizens that electricity charges will go up next spring.
A. told B. suggested
C. announced D. talked
9. Jack asked Alice to marry him， and she ___ him， but her mother didn’t ___ her to marry such a poor man as him.
A. accepted； agree B. accepted； allow
C. agreed； permit D. received； allow
10. Surprisingly， they finally succeeded in climbing ___ the high mount with its top covered with snow all the year round.
A. over B. across
C. through D. on
11. On June 12， Bryan Allen flew an airplane ___ the English Channel to France.
A. across B. through
C. from D. above
12. As every one of us knows， Stephen Hawkings is one of the greatest physicists ___ in the world.
A. live B. living
C. alive D. lively
13. Great！ The wonderful basketball match will be ___ broadcast this evening.
A. live B. living
C. alive D. lively
14. ― Would you like ___ to eat， Peter？
― It’s very kind of you. ___ is OK. I’m not particular about food.
A. something； Anything B. anything； Everything
C. something； Something D. anything； Something
15. The speaker said that ___ nothing was worth listening to.
A. nearly B. hardly
C. almost D. never
16. Young ___ he was， he learned a lot. ___ ， his family couldn’t afford his college education.
A. as； Though B. though； However
C. although； Yet D. as； But
17. I don’t like this book. Will you please show me ___？
A. another B. other
C. the other D. else
18. I don’t think Alan is such a clever boy ___ his cousin， who acts ___ a guide.
A. like； as B. as； as
C. as； like D. like； like
19. She really feels quite ___ because she didn’t have any friends in the world.
A. alone B. lonely
C. single D. strange
20. Tom has been to Canada. Harry has ___ been there， and me， ___ .
A. also； too B. too； as well
C. also； either D. either； as well
21. You were expected to read ___ the text， not to cry so ___ as to make others feel uncomfortable.
A. loud； aloud B. aloud； loudly
C. loudly； loud D. loudly； aloud
22. ___ those present at the meeting was Mr Brown， our foreign teacher， who had been in our school for five years.
A. Among B. Between
C. In D. Of
23. While I called， Tom was ___ dressed for the important party.
A. yet B. still
C. already D. ever
24. We are ___ by doctors to eat more vegetables and take plenty of physical exercise.
A. suggested B. warned
C. informed D. advised
25. ― What time does the plane ___ ？
― At 8：30 am， I’m sure.
A. reach B. get
C. arrive D. fall
26. Don’t talk about your family ___ at this moment； let’s get down to ___ .
A. business； affairs B. incidents； matters
C. things； events D. affairs； business
27. The letter I had been anxiously expecting ___ me just now.
A. arrived B. received
C. reached D. got to
28. He ___ her apology to show that he had ___ a good education.
A. received； received B. received； accepted
C. accepted； accepted D. accepted； received
29. At least you should ___ the fact that you did ___ a warm welcome from the farm workers at the factory gate.
A. accept； receive B. agree； receive
C. recognize； accept D. receive； offer
30. I think he is one of the best men you have ___ found， isn’t he？
A. never B. ever
C. once D. even
31. I had no idea which of the two ties was better， so I took ___ of them.
A. any B. all
C. neither D. some
32. ― Oh， which day can I go to see you next week？
― ___ day is OK except at the weekend.
A. Any B. Either
C. Every D. All
33. I asked her the time， but she didn’t ___ me.
A. reply B. answer
C. give D. respond
34. I was as surprised ___ anyone when they offered me the job.
A. like B. at
C. as D. except
35. ___ the Spring Festival drawing near， people are busier making preparations for it.
A. As B. When
C. While D. With
36. Tom’s work at school is above ___ while Jim’s is below it.
A. normal B. ordinary
C. average D. usual
37. ― What’s the ___ temperature of the human body？
― To tell the truth， I have no idea.
A. average B. common
C. usual D. normal
38. While the English teacher explained how to use the expressions， he stood， trying to keep himself awake， for he was ___ .
A. asleep B. sleepy
C. sleeping D. slept
39. That volleyball match is not a recorded TV performance， it is ___ .
A. alive B. live
C. living D. lively
40. The old woman was afraid to be left ___ in the ___ house.
A. lonely； alone B. alone； alone
C. lonely； lonely D. alone； lonely
41. I ___ my father to give up smoking， but he didn’t listen to me.
A. persuaded B. suggested
C. advised D. demanded
42. It was very dirty， but in the end he ___ to clean it.
A. managed B. attempted
C. succeeded D. tried
43. ― Did you go to see the play last night？
― Unluckily， I couldn’t ___ it. But I am going to see
it soon.
A. do B. manage
C. take D. make
44. No one can ___ success without effort.
A. get B. achieve
C. finish D. complete
45. Five years’ Harvard University education gave him a（n） ___ over boys who had not been to a world-famous college.
A. chance B. difference
C. good D. advantage
46. ― You know what？ Tom wants to be Harry Potter after
he graduates from school.
― Are you kidding？ He will never ___ a person like
Harry Potter.
A. make B. turn
C. change D. get
47. The girl ___ to be a good dancer if she is well trained in an art school.
A. expects B. allows
C. wishes D. promises
48. This is an extinct ___ of fish.
A. type B. species
C. sort D. kind
49. The boats in the harbour made a beautiful ___ .
A. sight B. view
C. scene D. scenery
50. Encourage your children to try new things， but try not to ___ them too hard.
A. draw B. strike
C. rush D. push
51. Four Chinese models were ___ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.
A. among B. between
C. along D. beside
52. ― Wow！ You’ve got so many clothes.
― But ___ of them are in fashion now.
A. all B. both
C. neither D. none
53. Don’t worry if you don’t understand everything. The teacher will ___ the main points at the end.
A. recover B. review
C. require D. remember
54. It was a nice house， but ___ too small for a family of five.
A. rarely B. fairly
C. rather D. pretty
55. From their ___ on the top of the TV Tower， visitors can have a better view of the city.
A. stage B. position
C. condition D. situation
56. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn’t face ___ day like that.
A. other B. another
C. the other D. others
57. ― Do you have enough to ___ all your daily expenses？
― Oh yes， enough and to spare.
A. cover B. spend
C. fill D. offer
58. ― Do you think it’s a good idea to make friends with your students？
― ___ ， I do. I think it’s a great idea.
A. Really B. Obviously
C. Actually D. Generally
59. Usually John would be late for meetings. But this time， ___ to my surprise， he arrived on time.
A. little B. much
C. ever D. even
60. ___ is the power of media that it can make a person suddenly famous.
A. Such B. This
辨析近义词篇3
溶化r6ng hua
熔化r6ng hua
融化r6ng hua
汉字造字是有字理的，比如形声字，它的字义就和部首义有关。以“页”为部首的字，大多和头有关。如“顶”(头顶)、“颊”(面颊)、“额”(额头)、“顾”(回头看)……“题目”的“题”也和头有关。“题”是形声字，从“页”，“是”声。(“提”就是从“扌”，“是”声。)“题”就是额头。额头和眼睛(目)是人面部最上面最醒目的部分，“题目”就是一篇文章最上面、最醒目的部分――你看，汉语多有意思!
形声字的字义和部首义有关，这是汉字识读的基本常识，所以从“氵”的字和水有关，从“火”的字与火有关，谁不知道?但有的人还是会把“熔化”和“溶化”用错了地方。比如说：“铁在高温炉火中溶化为铁水。”这里的“溶化”就用错了。“溶化”是指固体溶解在液体里，“熔化”是指固体(多为金属)加热到一定程度变为液体。所以，这里的“溶化”应改为“熔化”。写到这里。有一个词不能不提，那就是“融化”。“融”，也是形声
宰，从“鬲”(音li，古代一种炊具，像鼎，圆口，三足，
相当于现在的锅)，“虫”声。是蒸汽升腾。因蒸汽升腾是天暖消融的结果，所以引申为融化、融合。如“冰雪消融”“水***融”。下面句子中的“融化”就用错了：“巧克力糖在嘴里慢慢地融化了。”这里的“融化”应改为“溶化”。总而言之，“溶化”是指固体在液体中溶解；“熔化”是指金属、石蜡等固体受热而暂成液体状态或胶体状态；而“融化”则是特指冰雪受热化成液体。
昊谦改协议
预订yu ding
预定yu ding
有情人终成眷属，相恋了十多年的吴谦和{尤漪终于要喜结良缘了。他们决定在2008年8月8日奥运会开幕那天结婚。他们知道，那一天，饭店肯定紧张，于是，他们提前和一家饭店订了合同。合同上有这样一句：“交订金1800元，预订酒席2桌。”吴谦叫饭店把“订金”改为“定金”，把“预订”改为“预定”。尤漪不解地问为什么要改?
吴谦说：“‘订’和‘定’意思不一样。‘订’着重于商讨的过程，‘定’着重于确定的结果。‘订金’和‘定金’也不一样，‘订金’在法律上不具有担保合同履行的作用，‘定金’具有法律效力。‘预订’和‘预定’也是同样的道理。现在有些商家很不诚信，利用合同玩文字游戏，明明是‘定金’，偏偏写成‘订金’，让顾客吃亏上当。我怕到那天也因为这个原因，吃亏上当，把喜事搅黄了。”
辨析近义词篇4
1. ___ english we must learn other eight subjects at school.
a. except for b. besides
c. but d. except
2. i know nothing about him ___ that he is an english-man.
a. besides b. except
c. apart from d. except for
3. who is to ___ for the accident， the driver or the walker？
a. blame b. scold
c. punish d. pay
4. when you are being taken photos of， you should stay ___ .
a. quiet b. silent
c. calm d. still
5. in face of danger， he remained ___ .
a. silent b. calm
c. quiet d. still
6. when you live in a ___ village， you can’t be well-informed.
a. quiet b. silent
c. still d. calm
7. the police haven’t discovered the ___ of the serious traffic accident so far.
a. reason b. explanation
c. cause d. excuse
8. have you turned to the dictionary to find out the ___ for the new word？
a. direction b. description
c. explanation d. introduction
9. all his classmates ___ him on his winning the prize in the maths contest.
a. celebrated b. congratulated [论文网]
c. welcomed d. greeted
10. the taxi driver ___ me too much for driving me to the airport that day.
a. charged b. spent
c. cost d. paid
11. the students are given $50 a term to cover the ___ of books and studying materials.
a. price b. cost
c. pay d. value
12. high unemployment ___ the government billions of pounds in lost taxes.
a. costs b. charges
c. loses d. spends
13. however， the customer would only ___ half the price for the skirt.
a. charge b. cost
c. offer d. buy
14. as you know， all the natural resources are possessed and managed by the ___ .
a. country b. land
c. nation d. state
15. yesterday the president spoke on tv to the ___ about the prevention against the terrible disease.
a. state b. nation
c. country d. land
16. they can’t live on ___ . they must stay in the water.
a. land b. earth
c. ground d. soil
17. for the next ten years， he had not sent a single ___ to his parents.
a. message b. news
c. information d. notice
18. the ___ why eileen didn’t turn up at the meeting was not made clear.
a. reason b. cause
c. excuse d. matter
19. he thought this painting of mine of great ___ ， and would ___ at least $10，000 for it.
a. worth； buy b. value； pay
c. price； offer d. use； charge
20. the government provided them with food and ___ through the hard years.
a. dress b. coats
c. clothing d. suits
21. his father found ___ in a factory. there was always a lot of ___ for him to do.
a. work； job b. a work； jobs
c. a job； work d. a job； works
22. i’m sorry the baby’s cry last night must have ___ your sleep.
a.
troubled b. disturbed
c. interrupted d. worried
23. don’t ___ them； they are talking business.
a. interrupt b. trouble
c. disturb d. break
24. his grandma has been ___ for five years， but he still remembers her clearly.
a. death b. died
c. dying d. dead
25. most houses were ___ in the terrible earthquake and many people became homeless.
a. damaged b. harmed
c. destroyed d. shaken
26. look！ the cock is ___ where a hen ___ an egg just now.
a. laying； lain b. lying； lied
c. lying； lay d. lying； laid
27. the ___ made by the judge was not just and the public didn’t accept it.
a. decision b. judgment
c. choice d. conclusion
28. it is quite difficult to make a ___ between mary and alice because they are both very attractive.
a. choice b. decision
c. selection d. agreement
29. he has a good ___ of business and his company is running well.
a. sense b. feeling
c. touch d. thought
30. however， she ___ to talk to the manager immediately about the matter.
a. required b. demanded
c. suggested d. requested
31. as you know， parents are ___ to send their children to school in our country.
a. requested b. demanded
c. expected d. required
32. the faces of four famous american presidents on mount rushmore can be seen from a ___ of 60 miles.
a. length b. way
c. distance d. space
33. ___ a red skirt， the teacher came in.
a. weared b. dressed in
c. putting on d. being having on
34. we couldn’t cut the rope because the ___ of the knife was not sharp enough.
a. side b. edge
c. front d. point
35. it was ___ hot today， and he came into the shopping centre ___ to enjoy the cool air.
a. specially； especially
b. especially； specially
c. particularly； especially
d. specially； particularly
36. it’s clear that the city’s underground ___ more people than the bus does.
a. fetches b. carries
c. sends d. brings
37. the peasants are busy ___ the seeds now. shall we help them？
a. choosing b. taking
c. selecting d. electing
38. after the long and tiring journey his ___ completely gave out.
a. spirit b. power
c. force d. strength
39. tom is full of ___ and he doesn’t know what tiredness means.
a. power b. energy
c. strength d. spirit
40. it is ___ impossible to make such a long journey in such an old car.
a. rather b. very
c. fairly d. quite
41. i haven’t seen ann for ___ long that i’ve forgotten what she looks like.
a. such b. very
c. so d. too
42. the manager believes prices will not rise by more than ___ four percent.
a. any other b. the other
c. another d. other
43. the weather was ___ cold that i didn’t like to leave my room.
a. really b. such
c. too d.
so
44. the performance ___ nearly three hours， but few people left the theatre early.
a. covered b. reached
c. played d. lasted
45. it was hard for him to learn english in a family， in which ___ of the parents spoke the language.
a. none b. neither
c. both d. each
46. he doesn’t have ___ furniture in his room—just an old desk and a new chair.
a. any b. many
c. some d. much
47. last night mr crook didn’t come back at the usual time. ___ ， he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.
a. meanwhile b. however
c. instead d. yet
48. — shall we go out for a walk？
— sorry. this is not the right ___ to invite me. i am too tired to walk.
a. moment b. situation
c. place d. chance
49. jack is late again. it is ___ of him to keep others waiting.
a. normal b. ordinary
c. common d. typical
50. i ___ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.
a. make b. look
c. take d. think
51. her shoes ___ her dress； they look very well together.
a. suit b. fit
c. compare d. match
52. most air pollution is caused by the burning of ___ like coal， gas and oil.
a. fuels b. articles
c. goods d. products
53. you have to be a fairly good speaker to ___ listeners’ interest for over an hour.
a. hold b. make
c. improve d. receive
54. dogs have a very good ___ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.
a. sense b. view
c. means d. idea
55. — how do you find your new classmates？
— most of them are kind， but ___ is so good to me as bruce.
a. none b. any one
c. every one d. some one
56. what’s the ___ of having a public open space where you can’t eat， drink or even simply hang out for a while？
a. sense b. matter
c. case d. opinion
57. the fact that she never apologized ___ a lot about what kind of person she is.
a. says b. talks
c. appears d. declares
58. i bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale； it was a real ___ .
a. exchange b. bargain
c. trade d. business
59. — could we see each other at 3 o’clock this afternoon？
— sorry， let’s make it ___ time.
a. other’s b. the other
c. another d. other
60. — do you want tea or coffee？
— ___ . i really don’t mind.
a. none b. neither
辨析近义词篇5
a. power b. force
c. strength d. energy
2. — how is everything going on with you in europe?
— quite well. not so smoothly as i hoped, ＿＿＿ .
a. though b. instead
c. either d. yet
3. there are not many colour chalks left in the classroom. would you please ＿＿＿ some for me right now?
a. bring b. take
c. carry d. fetch
4. i’m afraid the time doesn’t ＿＿＿ me very well, for i will have an important meeting to attend.
a. fit b. suit
c. match d. agree
5. mary, which of these ties do you suggest i buy to ＿＿＿ my new suit?
a. match b. fit
c. have d. dress
6. nothing can ＿＿＿ her loving the young man any less.
a. forbid b. disagree
c. keep d. prevent
7. it’s now quite common ＿＿＿ for married women not to take their husband’s last name.
a. habit b. practice
c. custom d. action
8. — which do you prefer, coffee or tea?
— either will ＿＿＿ .
a. do b. work
c. help d. fit
9. the people present at the meeting were ＿＿＿ young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty.
a. most b. mostly
c. almost d. entirely
10. — have you ever been to the cinema ＿＿＿ ?
— yes, i went to the cinema ＿＿＿ yesterday.
a. late; lately b. later; late
c. lately; late d. latest; lately
11. we are not ＿＿＿ strong, and ＿＿＿ none of us can move it.
a. nearly; almost b. almost; nearly
c. nearly; mostly d. almost; almost
12. the bus driver was badly ＿＿＿ on both legs in the traffic accident.
a. wounded b. ruined [论文网]
c. injured d. destroyed
13. — i’m ＿＿＿ to have a holiday in such fine weather.
— i hope you’ll have a ＿＿＿ holiday.
a. pleased; pleasure b. pleasing; pleasant
c. pleasant; pleasant d. pleased; pleasant
14. — what’s the ＿＿＿ population of shanghai?
— over ten million.
a. total b. whole
c. all d. complete
15. he is ＿＿＿ to win the political campaign and become the president.
a. possible b. likely
c. probable d. perhaps
16. the new research team was led by the ＿＿＿ engineer.
a. main b. major
c. chief d. high
17. it must have rained last night, ＿＿＿ the ground is wet this morning.
a. because b. since
辨析近义词篇6
a. say b. talk
c. speak d. tell
19. i bought the radio yesterday, but it doesn’t ＿＿＿ now.
a. work b. do
c. play d. broadcast
20. with no rain for three months, and the food supplies running out, the present ＿＿＿ here is getting worse.
a. case b. condition
c. state d. situation
21. my watch can’t tell the right time, so i have to have it ＿＿＿ right.
a. set b. mended
c. repaired d. fixed
22. in order to ＿＿＿ the requirements of the internaional olympic committee, london built a lot of equipment.
a. realize b. answer
c. meet d. gain
23. the price ＿＿＿ should have made you realize it was a trick.
a. just b. only
c. simply d. alone
24. in a way i can see what you mean, even though i don’t ＿＿＿ your point of view.
a. agree b. permit
c. recognize d. share
25. we’re expecting lily because she’s our ＿＿＿ visitor who comes here for holiday every summer.
a. familiar b. popular
c. usual d. regular
26. the girl ＿＿＿ to be a good dancer if she is well trained in an art school.
a. expects b. wishes
c. promises d. hopes
27. his letter was so confusing that i could hardly make any ＿＿＿ of it.
a. explanation b. meaning
c. understanding d. sense
28. unfortunately, when he got off the crowded bus, he found his pockets ＿＿＿ .
a. stolen b. lost
c. picked d. gone
29. the clock ＿＿＿ twelve and i realized it was too late.
a. hit b. beat
c. struck d. rang
30. they ＿＿＿ the train until it disappeared in the distance.
a. watched b. saw [论文网]
c. noticed d. stared
31. at that time we ＿＿＿ each other the best of luck in the examination.
a. expected b . wished
c. hoped d. congratulated
32. we won’t take any measures until further ＿＿＿ .
a. message b. knowledge
c. notice d. news
33. at school we are learning such ＿＿＿ as english, chinese, maths and so on.
a. lessons b. subjects
c. courses d. classes
34. i wonder how long i am allowed to ＿＿＿ the books.
a. borrow b. keep
c. lend d. remain
35. speak in a louder ＿＿＿ , or you can’t make yourself heard.
a. sound b. voice
c. noise d. whisper
辨析近义词篇7
解词
曼延：连绵不断。如：曼延曲折的羊肠小道。
漫延：曼延。如：沙漠一直漫延到遥远的天边。
蔓延：像蔓草一样不断向周围扩展。如：蔓延滋长 火势蔓延。
辨析
三者都是动词，都有“扩展”的意思。我们可以用数学上的几何概念来区分这三者的词义。如果是直线式的扩展，用“曼延”；平面式的扩展，用“漫延”；立体式的扩展，则用“蔓延”。另外，抽象事物的扩展多用“蔓延”。
练习
选词填空：A．曼延B蔓延C．漫延
①湖水――到了周围农田。
②太行山脉――千余里。
③跨国公司把势力――到世界各国。
④这条山路――曲折。
⑤美国联邦卫生机构官员2004年1月15日说，流感病毒已经――到每个州，死于肺炎和流感的人数直线上升。
参考答案：①c②A③B④A⑤B
问鼎、卫冕与蝉联
解词
1．“问鼎”一词，《现代汉语词典》解释为：春秋时，楚子(楚庄王)北伐，陈兵于洛水，向周王朝炫耀武力。周定王派遣王孙满慰劳楚师，楚子向王孙满询问周朝的传国之宝九鼎的大小和轻重(见《左传・宣公三年》)。楚子问鼎，有夺取周王朝天下的意思。后用“问鼎”指***谋夺取***权，也比喻在比赛或竞争中夺取第一名。例如：问鼎中原 这次比赛主队连输几场，失去问鼎的机会。
2．“卫冕”：“卫”是保卫；“冕”原意是礼帽，后来专指帝王的礼帽，在这里比喻运动员在上次竞赛中取得的冠***称号。合起来，“卫冕”指在竞赛中保住上次获得的冠***称号。
在古希腊奥林匹克竞技会上，竞赛优胜者可以获得用月桂树叶编成的花冠，称为桂冠。现代的竞赛冠***只拿金牌、奖杯等，已经不戴桂冠，用“冕”比喻冠***，可能同上述历史有关。例如：卫冕成功。 男子篮球队能否卫冕，就看这场比赛了。
3．蝉联：连续，多指连任某个职务或继续保持某种称号。例如：蝉联世界冠***。
辨析
依据典故及词义，很明显，“问鼎”和“卫冕”都用于将来时，取得或保住上次冠***，是一个奋斗目标，不是已经得到的现实。另外，这两个词都是不及物动词。需要注意的是：常说的“问鼎奥运”中“奥运”是补语，不是宾语；“卫冕成功”中“卫冕”是努力争取而成败难卜的行动，“成功”作“卫冕”的谓语，而不是宾语。而“蝉联”是及物动词，可接宾语。
练习
判断下列加点词的使用是否正确。
①易世益是江汉油田钻井处一名普通工人，曾连续八年卫冕江汉油田象棋大赛桂冠，三次在全国石油象棋赛中夺桂，被人誉为“石油象棋王”。
②中国队体操女团摘金，首次问鼎奥运冠***创历史。
参考答案：①错误；②错误。
解析：例①和例②的不妥之处，其一，把“卫冕”和“问鼎”作为及物动词使用，分别以“江汉油田象棋大赛桂冠”“奥运冠***”作宾语。“问鼎”和“卫冕”本身就是动宾结构词组，“鼎”是动词“问”的宾语，“冕”是动词“卫”的宾语，如同“吃饭”一样，“饭”是“吃”的宾语，不能再带宾语。其二。例①和例②不应把“卫冕”和“问鼎”这两个词用于过去时，它们适用于决赛之前。可将“卫冕”“问鼎”改成及物动词“夺得”之类。例①中把“卫冕”改为“蝉联”最合适。
做客与作客
电视节目、报刊中常说“某人做客胙客某栏目”，到底应该用“做客”还是“作客”?
“做客”指访问别人。自己当客人，如“到亲戚家做客”。这个词用得较多。而“作客”指寄居在别处，是书面语，如“作客他乡”。杜甫的《登高》诗有“万里悲秋常作客”句，指诗人漂泊无定的生涯。
辨析近义词篇8
对外汉语教学中的近义词辨析应从词语的音、形、义、用四个方面来进行。“音”是指词语的发音，例如:“接收”与“接受”都可表示收受的意思，“接收”有被动接受的意味，“接受”有主动承受的意味。从读音上看，两词的后一音节的声调不同:“收”是阴平，“受”是去声。“形”是指词语的形式，例如:“日前”与“目前”都可以表示现在，当前。“日前”意思是前几天，“目前”意思是现在。从字形上看，两词的后一汉字书写形式很接近:都是独体字，都是全包围结构的汉字，但内部书写形式不同，“日”较“目”少一横。“义”指词语的意义，例如:“边疆”和“边境”都是指远离内地靠近国境的地区，但两者所指范围不同:“边疆”指靠近边界的领土(包括国与国接壤的边界)，范围较大;“边境”是指靠边界的地方，范围较小。“用”是指词语的用法，例如:“交换”和“交流”都是指双方把自己的东西给对方，但两者搭配的习惯不同:“交换”搭配的对象大都是意义比较具体的或所指范围较小的词，如“礼物、意见、资料、产品”等;“交流”搭配的对象大都是意义较抽象或所指范围较大的词，如“思想、经验、文化、物资”等。
二、近义词辨析的方法
对外汉语词汇教学中，近义词辨析是贯穿于各个阶段的方法之一。在具体教学活动中进行近义词辨析时可采用的方法很多，主要的方法有以下四种。
2.1选词填空
在对外汉语教学中辨析近义词时，可先简要说明辨析对象的区别，然后给出语境，让学生选择适合该语境的辨析对象。所给语境应具有代表性和典型性，能让学生通过选择掌握辨析对象的意义、色彩或用法的差异。例如:辨析“依赖”和“依靠”。首先给学生指出两者的不同之处:“依靠”和“依赖”都表示“指望某种人或事物来达到一定的目的”，但两者的感情色彩不同，“依靠”是中性词，指靠别的人或事物来达到一定目的;“依赖”是贬义词，含有依靠某种人或事物而不能自立或自给的意思。然后给出例子让学生选择:(1)他总是()父母，如果父母不帮助他，他一定什么也没有了。(2)他()朋友的帮助和自己的刻苦努力，最终获得了成功。最后给出答案:第一句应填“依赖”，因为根据语境，表明他是不能自立的，含有贬义;第二句应填“依靠”，表明他借助了别人的帮助，并没有贬义。
2.2判断正误
在对外汉语教学中辨析近义词时，说明辨析对象的区别后将辨析对象放在同一语境中，让学生判断正误，从而搞清辨析对象之间意义、色彩或用法上的差异。例如:辨析“赶紧”和“赶忙”。首先给学生说明两者都表示“抓紧时机，毫不拖延”，用于非祈使句时，两者可以互换;而用于祈使句时只能用“赶紧”。然后举出例子让学生判断:(1)孩子摔倒了，我赶紧/赶忙过去把他扶起来。(2)孩子摔倒了，你赶紧/赶忙过去把他扶起来吧。最后给出答案:第一句是陈述句，所以“赶紧”和“赶忙”都可以使用;第二句是祈使句，就只能用“赶紧”。
2.3替换语素
在对外汉语教学中辨析近义词时，如果遇到相同语素的词语，着重说明其不同语素的含义，以此辨别辨析对象之间的意义上的差异。例如:辨析“出现”和“涌现”。首先指出两者都有共同的语素“现”，意思是“显露”，两者的区别主要在于“出”和“涌”的不同。然后再分别分析“出”和“涌”的区别。“出”也是“显露”的意思，所以“出现”就是“显露出来”的意思;“涌”是指水冒出来，所以“涌现”就是“大量地出现和突然地出现”的意思。
2.4反义注释
在对外汉语教学中辨析近义词时，可先简要说明辨析对象的区别，然后给出辨析对象的反义词，用不同的反义词来显示辨析对象意义上的差异;或者在简要说明辨析对象的区别后让学生指出辨析对象的反义词，以检查学生是否掌握了两者的区别，也同时可以强化学生对辨析对象差异的认识。例如:辨析“不和”和“不合”。首先指出这两个词读音相同，然后分别辨析两词的意义，并举出反义词来突出两者的差异:“不合”多指与事实、要求等不一致，反义词为“符合”;而“不和”指相处不友好，反义词为“和睦”。
三、近义词辨析的原则
对外汉语的教学具有自身特点，因此，在对外汉语词汇教学中进行近义词辨析时应该注意把握以下原则:
3.1突出差异
词语辨析应以词义为单位，兼顾以词为单位。这样做当然会使辨析对象的意义展示得很完整，但辨析内容显得多而杂，难以把握重点和关键，且耗时太多，影响教学进程。“以词义为单位”则只在辨析对象共同涉及的某一义项范围内指出差别，不必列举多义词的各个义项，这样就容易抓住重点，突出区别。如:“尊敬”和“尊重”都有多个义项，但只在“以敬重的态度对待人”这个义项上容易混淆，辨析时应着重说明“尊敬”重在“敬”，即恭敬，适用于道德品质高尚和贡献很大的人，也多用于下对上、幼对长、学生对老师等;“尊重”重在“重”，即重视，适用对象较广，且无论上下、长幼。至于“尊敬”和“尊重”的其他义项不会在使用中产生混淆，则不必在此时列举。
3.2通俗易懂
在对外汉语近义词教学中，应该少用专业词语，尽量用简单的词来解释，这样便于留学生接受。对于留学生来讲，他们关于目的语的知识有限，我们无法用过多的专业术语和复杂的语法结构进行解释。所以大量感性材料的应用有助于同义词的辨析，许多停留在理性阶段的解释可以通过举例变得感性化。如:辨析“突然”和“忽然”，可说明两者均可表示“情况发生得迅速，出乎意外”，可以说“天突然/忽然下起雨来”，也可以说“突然/忽然天下起雨来”;不同的是还可说“走得突然、死得突然”，却不能说“走得忽然、死得忽然”。此时不必强调它们放在动词或句子前可互换;“突然”是形容词，可以放在动词前做状语，还可放在动词后做补语，“忽然”是副词，只能放在动词前做状语。
3.3精讲多练
语言的学习是需要不断的练习才能得到巩固的。语言的学习者需要很多的学习时间来进行练习。词语的学习也不例外，最快最好掌握近义词的方法就是多运用。因此，教师在课堂上进行近义词辨析时，对于辨析对象异同的描述应简洁明了，应着重指出辨析对象的差异，对于相同之处可一句带过，主要通过大量的练习如选词填空、判断正误、替换语素、找反义词等来让学生掌握辨析对象的异同，多给学生应用的机会。“在教学中，教师应提供更多的机会让学生练习使用这些易混、易错的词语，从而形成其语感能力，培养留学生驾驭汉语词语的能力”(曹成龙，2006)。只有通过多运用，才能孰能生巧，才能提高辨词能力。
四、结论
近义词辨析是对外汉语教学中的重要的环节。通过近义词的辨析可以帮助学生更好地掌握词语，提高语言运用水平。本文主要探讨了对外汉语教学中近义词辨析的作用、内容、方法合原则。在实际教学中所采用的近义词辨析的方法可以说还有很多，本文仅仅总结了选词填空、判断正误、替换语素好翻译注释等四种，希望在以后的学习和实践中，能够总结出更多、更好的辨析方法，提高对外汉语词汇教学的效果。