1. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help)it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008广东卷)
问题:该小题可以填helps吗?(学生 潘小红)
解答:不可以。你可能是重点关注了引号里的内容,从局部来理解,将Plucking up a crop 理解为动名词短语作主语,help是谓语了,这样就填helps。事实上,从全句来看,主语是the proverb,谓语是is based on the following story;空格所在整个引号部分是动名词短语,作主语the proverb的同位语,故填to help做plucking up a crop的目的状语。
2. A teacher only ______ (work) to live is likely to become too narrow-minded.
问题:该小题的答案是working,而不是填to work。可是记得老师曾说过:only后的非谓语动词要用不定式to do,这是为什么呢?(学生 李杰生)
解答:only后接不定式常表示意料之外的不好的结果。如:He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. (他匆匆忙忙赶到车站,结果发现火车已经走了) 而本题是现在分词作后置定语,相当于定语从句who only works to live。
3. I seemed to be lifted up, ______ (go) up to a great height.
问题:该题答案是going,为什么不可以填went?(学生 郑岚岚)
解答:因为前面已有谓语动词seemed了,空格前又没有并列连词,故go应为非谓语动词,所以不可以填谓语动词went;因I与go在逻辑上是主动关系,故用现在分词短语作状语,表示结果,故填going。若在空格前加上and,就填went,与前面的seemed to be lifted up作并列谓语。
4. Similarly, one can download the kind of software you like.
问题:表示“任何人”的one,后面能用代词you与其保持一致吗?
解答:不能。因为不定代词one,作泛指的“任何人”解时,后面通常用one, oneself, one’s(英国英语)或he, himself, his (美国英语)等替代。如:One must do one’s /his duty.(每一个人都应当尽职) 因此,上述句子可以修改为:Similarly, one can download the kind of software (that) one /he likes. (同样,你可以***你所喜欢的软件) 此外,you本身也是可以泛指“任何人”的,故此句也可改为:Similarly, you can download the kind of software you like.
5. Children will not be allowed to make a noise and upset the competitors. If they do, they will be taken away from the stadium. (人教版Book2;P13)
问题:句中do是什么意思?可以说If they will do吗?(学生 吴悠)
解答:句中的do是代替前面的make a noise and upset the competitors,以避免重复。do常用来代替实义动词,以避免重复。又如:He woks harder than he did a year ago. (他比一年以前工作更努力了)
If they do不能改为If they will do,因为在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的一般将来时要用一般现在时来表达,过去将来时用一般过去时来表达,将来完成时用现在完成时来表达。又如:
When I arrive there, I’ll write to you.我到达那里时,我会给你写信的。
If they have finished the task early, they will go and help you.要是他们完成任务早的话,他们就会去帮助你。
6. I’ve discovered I possess a large number of different talents and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being open to trying new opportunities. (2009年全国卷II 完形填空)
问题:请帮我分析一下该句的结构。(学生 吕宁璐)
解答:这是一个复杂的主从复合句,即从句中还包含有其它的从句。
主句的主谓是I have discovered,其后的I possess...to trying new opportunities是宾语从句,作discovered的宾语;在这个宾语从句中,that引导一个定语从句并在从句中作主语,先行词是talents and skills;在这个定语从句中,I never would have thought是插入语;had it not been for my being open to trying new opportunities是虚拟条件句,只是省略了if而采用了倒装句式,相当于if it had not been for my... (要不是因为……)。句意为:我发现自己有多种不同的天赋和技能,如果不是因为我放手去尝试一次次新的机会,我就永远也不会想到自己拥有这些天赋和技能。
(以上问题由深圳市宝安区第一外国语学校王耀文老师解答)
责任编校 蒋小青
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