学文网中国文学大师鲁迅先生的儿子周海婴因病去世后，许多人都深切地悼念他，并回忆起他的许多故事。
父母关爱备至
1929年9月27日，周海婴生于上海，海婴出生时属难产，鲁迅在医院里焦急万分，想方设法抢救许广平母子。海婴降生后，鲁迅给儿子取名“海婴”，就含有“上海出生的婴儿”的意思。后来鲁迅曾对海婴说：“你长大后如果对这个名字不满意，自己可以重新取过。”可见鲁迅对儿子的宽厚。
周海婴儿时他家住在上海大陆新村，楼下的房间用装有玻璃的门隔开。有一天，一位邻居小朋友来他家玩，不慎把海婴关在里间。由于门太紧，海婴一时打不开，他心里非常焦急，拼命想把门打开，他一掌用力推过去，一块门玻璃就被他打破了，手也被碎玻璃划出一道口子，鲜血直流。海婴一时慌了，在楼下放声大哭，正在楼上书房中写作的鲁迅听见哭声，三步并作两步奔下楼梯，马上用云南白药和纱布将海婴手上的伤口包扎起来，并安慰海婴说：“孩子别慌、别慌，过几天就好啦。”紧接着鲁迅又和蔼地将吓得呆在一旁的那位小朋友送走了，事后鲁迅也没有责骂海婴，而是请师傅将门玻璃重新装好。这件小事给周海婴留下了非常深刻的印象，所以周海婴与邻居的小朋友关系一直都很友好。周海婴的夫人马新云当年就住在他家对面，所以他俩长大后还结为夫妻。
鲁迅平时忙于写作，经常接待来访的进步学生和作家，但他每天总要抱一抱海婴，有时还要与许广平抱着海婴去照相馆照相。照片取来后，还要写上日期，然后珍藏在影集里。在与友人的书信里，鲁迅曾多次提到海婴，可见鲁迅对海婴非常喜欢。
鲁迅对儿子的爱护不是一个简单的“爱”字所能概括的。他有一句名言：“无情未必真豪杰，怜子如何不丈夫。”这句话凝聚了鲁迅先生的一腔父爱，也包含了鲁迅对孩子的人格尊重。
鲁迅和许广平都爱好文学，为什么周海婴没有从事文学创作呢？原来他上大学时，最初在辅仁大学社会学系就读了两年，后来又转到北京大学物理系学习无线电。他为什么没有向父母学写作呢？一方面是周海婴对理化科目，特别是无线电非常喜欢；另一方面跟父母对他的家教有很大关系。还在海婴年幼时，鲁迅就教育儿子“不要去当空头文学家”，这也成了鲁迅对海婴的遗嘱。鲁迅去世时，海婴才7岁，此后母亲经常与海婴在一起回忆鲁迅，可以说鲁迅的许多情况是母亲讲故事一样讲给海婴听的，他从母亲那儿进一步了解到父亲鲁迅。
新中国成立后，许广平曾任中央人民***府***务院副秘书长、全国妇联副***、全国文联***团成员、第一至三届全国人大***、二至三届全国***协委员、中国民主促进会中央副***，后于1968年因病不幸去世。许广平生前也经常告诫海婴：“在任何时候，都不要去沾鲁迅的光，而应靠自己的努力在社会上立足。”
生在鲁迅光环下的周海婴一直牢记着父母的教诲，从不沾父母亲的光，而是靠自己的努力学习、积极工作，在社会上立足。1956年他从北大物理系毕业后，正赶上我国搞核武器研制，他便被分配到北大核物理系，从事筹建实验室工作。1960年以后，他又到国家***技术部搞无线电规划工作，曾担任过原广播电影电视部***策法规司副司长，一直干到1994年离休。他是中国鲁迅研究室和中国无线电运动协会顾问。经有关部门特批，他的家中至今还装有一个无线电台，平时可经常摆弄一番。
周海婴曾当选第四届至第七届全国人大代表，担任第八届至第十一届全国***协委员，他积极向全国人大、全国***协提建议，特别是针对《著作权法》和反盗版方面提出了自己的明确意见，在履行全国人大代表义务和参***议***方面作出了重要贡献。
作为鲁迅的儿子，他在业余时间和离休后，为研究鲁迅的人生和文学作品、传播鲁迅爱国主义精神，宣传鲁迅的创作思想、维护鲁迅的尊严等方面，默默做了大量的工作。在他的努力下，主编出版了《鲁迅回忆录》，并积极推动《鲁迅大全集》的出版工作。他还兼任上海鲁迅文化发展中心理事长和绍兴、上海、北京、厦门鲁迅纪念馆或鲁迅博物馆名誉馆长、顾问。
一生爱好摄影
周海婴还有一个爱好就是摄影，在年轻的时候，他就拍摄了许多珍贵的历史照片；退休后他走遍了祖国的大江南北，拍摄了许多反映时代变化的风土人情照片。
周海婴在回忆自己的第一架照相机时说：“有一天母亲比较富裕的朋友借给我一只小方木匣镜箱，由此我正式开始学习摄影了。”在很长一段时间内，他只有一架照相机。他虽然用过不少机型，但手里总是只有正在使用的一架。对于儿子痴迷于摄影，母亲许广平非常支持。周海婴拍的早期照片都用几本厚厚的***纸老式相册珍藏着，都是许广平帮儿子细心粘贴的，有些用了三角形相角。许广平还为海婴的初学摄影簿亲笔题字：“雪痕鸿爪”、“大地蹄痕”。1948年，许广平还将买防寒衣服的钱省下来，给海婴买了台照相机和20个胶卷。这架相机，周海婴一直使用到20世纪80年代，至今还存放在家中。
一生热爱摄影的周海婴，共拍摄了2万多张的照片。2008年9月27日金秋时节，他在北京举办《镜匣人间――周海婴80摄影展》。2009年10月到11月，他又举办了《朝影夕拾・周海婴1943一1950摄影展》。人们在这两次展览上，看到了1948年郭沫若、侯外庐、宦乡等民主人士搭乘“华中轮”海船，从香港前往东北***区，到沈阳后又留下迎接“新***协”的历史瞬间。周海婴1956年10月拍摄的《鲁迅墓迁墓》和《文学家巴金》等老一辈著名文学家系列摄影作品，《华中轮抵达东北***区(丹东)》、《民主人士讨论新***协的召开(沈阳铁路宾馆)》、《黄炎培在火车上致词(火车上)》等历史题材摄影作品被摄影界称为见证那段历史的“孤本”。
周海婴撰写了回忆录《鲁迅与我七十年》，书中还收录了他的许多摄影作品。该书由文汇出版社出版后，受到了广大读者的好评。
热爱故乡浙江
受父亲的影响，周海婴对故乡浙江特别是绍兴经常念念不忘。早在1936年父亲去世后，他和母亲在上海生活了10多年，后于1948年秋随母亲许广平离开上海，辗转香港，再到***区，最终定居在北京，但他始终忘不了故乡绍兴。海婴儿时常听父亲在家中说绍兴话，他后来也学会讲一口地道的绍兴话，这跟父亲不无关系。海婴还喜欢吃绍兴菜，那是鲁迅先生逝世后，海婴的叔叔周建人先生为了照顾许广平和周海婴母子，专门搬到海婴家楼下住。有一段时间，海婴由师母王蕴如女士照顾他的起居生活，并经常做绍兴菜给他吃。尤其是霉毛豆、霉千张，这些菜虽闻起来臭，吃起来却很香，又开胃口，海婴十分爱吃，于是绍兴菜也吃就习惯了。1948年春天，他第一次随母亲和周建人叔叔回绍兴时，就买了老酒、茴香豆、鹅肉吃，还乘乌篷船到大禹陵、东湖游览了一天。
周海婴1997年10月回到绍兴，被鲁迅中学聘请为名誉校长。在故乡住了好几天时间，也到大禹陵、东湖等景区重游过。在游柯岩风景区的“名士苑”时，他看到一块石碑上写有自己的名字，谦虚地说：“我不是名士，我是绍兴人。”说罢倚在刻有“我是绍兴人”的大字石碑上，特意请人拍了一张照片。作为绍兴人的周海婴，一直关心故乡的变化，并为绍兴鲁迅纪念馆提供了很多鲁迅的物品，提出过许多宝贵建议。
正因为海婴热爱父母和故乡，所以他对鲁迅中学的校领导和笔者说：“我对鲁迅中学这尊鲁迅雕塑非常满意，因为这是鲁迅当教师时的形象。我父亲非常热爱学生，热爱青年，对朋友和同学、同事和蔼可亲。母亲和我从来没有看到他发脾气，但有段时间为了***治的需要，有些人把鲁迅说成‘老生气、老发脾气、老骂人的人’，这是错误的，其实骨头硬的人并不一定老骂人。‘横眉冷对千夫指’，这句话表现了鲁迅对敌人的憎恨；‘俯首甘为孺子牛’，则是植根于鲁迅对人民的热爱。”周海婴还向鲁迅中学捐献了一些鲁迅的书，他对该校的师生们说：“我父亲是个很普通的老师，很普通的文化人，是人民大众的一员。其实，他最初并没有想当什么‘家’，他只是时刻想着中国的命运，想着中国的未来，为之鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已，所以他才成为今天人们心目中爱戴的鲁迅。学习鲁迅，不要单纯地学习鲁迅的一两篇著作，要了解他是怎样成长，了解他怎样和社会、历史结合，了解他怎样为人类发展进步、为国家命运着想、奋斗……”
近年来，周海婴更是经常回到故乡，开展或参加各种活动，与故乡的联系越来越密切。2004年4月28日，他出席了绍兴县鲁镇主题公园的开园仪式，被聘为鲁镇名誉镇长，并为鲁镇开园开启钥匙；2007年第四届鲁迅文学奖颁奖典礼在绍兴举行，海婴出席了典礼并与父亲笔下闰土的原型章运水的孙子章贵相见。2008年，鲁迅先生逝世72周年纪念日，55件鲁迅的墨宝真迹亮相于绍兴举办的第二十四届中国兰亭书法节上。这个展览能成功举办，周海婴付出了许多努力，有些国宝级展品是他出面向国家文物局借展的。同年10月，海婴将他的摄影作品带到绍兴鲁迅纪念馆，并举行了《许广平同志诞生100周年纪念展》。其中有《母亲许广平在外滩》《周家“老台门”》等系列作品，受到了乡亲们的欢迎。那次回故乡，乡亲们为庆贺海婴八十寿诞，还在海港大酒店为他举行了寿宴。席间他激动地说：“谢谢父老乡亲。在我父亲去世72年的今天，大家团聚在这里，为我的生日祝福，这么浓浓的乡情，让我感动不已。”
此外，早在1909年6月，鲁迅结束了留学日本7年的生活回到祖国，第一个工作岗位就是在浙江两级师范学堂（现为杭州高级中学）任教。2009年是鲁迅在杭高任教满100周年，杭高特地把周海婴请到杭州，为400多名学生做了场讲座。因鲁迅在杭高任教的这段历史，北京、上海、绍兴等地的鲁迅纪念馆都没有史料，因此海婴特别感兴趣，一到杭高就忙着寻找父亲的踪迹。在杭高鲁迅纪念室内，海婴手拿放大镜，仔细地鉴赏父亲鲁迅留在浙江两级师范学堂学生毕业证书上的印章。在杭高校史陈列馆，看到鲁迅的一件手稿藏品，他立刻举起相机拍摄了下来。
Lu Xun’s Son Passes away at 81
By Xu Zhongyou
Zhou Haiying, the son of the famous 20th century Chinese writer Lu Xun (1881-1936), died on the morning of April 7, 2010 at the age of 81 in Beijing. His death received extensive coverage in news media across the country largely because he was the son of Lu Xun. He is probably the best known son of all the sons of well known writers in China.
Zhou Haiying was born on September 27, 1929 in Shanghai. After learning that Xu Guangping was having a difficult labor, Lu Xun instructed the doctor to save his wife first if any emergency should happen. The mother and the baby boy both were safe. Lu Xun named his son Haiying, meaning a baby born in Shanghai. Lu Xun advised his son later that he could change the name if he grew up disliking it. It is not known whether the son liked the name or not, but it was his name for all of 81 years in his life.
Though Lu Xun and Xu Guangping were writers, Zhou Haiying did not pursue literary fame at all. He studied sociology for two years in Beijing-based Fu Jen University before he turned to study radio at the Physics Department of Beijing University. He chose such a future for two reasons: he did have a passion for science and radio in particular and he followed his parents’ advice. When he was a baby, his father advised him never to become a man of letters who could do nothing but play with empty words. This advice also appeared in Lu Xun’s famous will.
When Lu Xun died in 1936, Zhou Haiying was seven years old. What he knew about his father came largely from his mother, who passed away in 1968 after serving many prestigious positions. Xu Guangping repeatedly cautioned her son against making use of the glory of Lu Xun at any time. Instead, she advised, he should establish himself on his own in society.
He minded the parental advice to the letter. In 1956 he graduated from the Physics Department of Beijing University. As China was going all out to produce its own nuclear weapons at that time, the young scientist was assigned to the nuclear physics department of the Beijing University where he was put in charge of setting up a lab. In 1960 he was appointed to a position at the Broadcasting ***istration, the predecessor of the present-day State ***istration of Radio, Film and Television. He worked there until retirement in 1994. He was an expert in radio communication. With special approval, he had a radio transmitter at home.
Zhou Haiying is also known for his hobby: photography. He started learning to take photos when he was just a boy. A friend of his mother’s lent him a camera. His mother encouraged him. In 1948, she bought him a camera and 20 film roles. The camera was in use until the 1980s. In his lifetime, Zhou Haiying took more than 20,000 photos. Many historical moments he captured on his camera are the only existing visual records of some historical events and some historical people.
In September 2008, he staged a solo show of his photographic works in celebration of his eightieth birthday in advance. A year later he staged another show of the photos he took from 1943 to 1950.
He was the author of the book “Lu Xun and Me in 70 Years”. The memoir, published by Wenhui Press, includes many of his photographs.
Zhou Haiying had a passion for his hometown Shaoxing in Zhejiang, a coastal province in eastern China. His mother and he continued to live in Shanghai for about ten plus years after his father’s death in 1936. In the autumn of 1948, the two moved via Hong Kong to the liberated area under the control of the Communists and they settled down in Beijing. He heard his father speaking the Shaoxing Dialect at home for seven years. He learned to speak the dialect perfectly. After his father died, his Uncle Zhou Jianren and Aunt Wang Yunru moved in to take care of the mother and the son. The dishes prepared by his aunt customized the boy’s stomach to the taste of Shaoxing. In the spring of 1948, the 19-year-old Zhou Haiying visited Shaoxing for the first time. He tried Shaoxing rice wine, beans flavored with aniseed, and goose meat. He also took a black-awning boat ride to visit the Mausoleum of Yu the Great and the East Lake.
He revisited Shaoxing in October 1997 where he became the honorary president of Lu Xun Middle School. During his stay, he revisited the mausoleum and the lake.
After the first hometown revisit, he came back many times. He said he liked the Lu Xun Statue on the campus of Lu Xun Middle School. The statue depicts Lu Xun as a young teacher, wearing a long gown and a long white scarf and holding a book. Zhou Haying said his father loved his students. Lu Xun, according to his son, never lost his temper with the family, friends, colleagues and young people. He said it was totally wrong to portray for political reasons Lu Xun as a man who frequently lost his temper and got angry and cursed.
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