学文网英语短文篇1
christmas
the feast of christmas
it is not easy to pin-point the origins of the christmas feast, today the more important feast of the christmas season in most western christian churches. one can only say for certain that the birth of jesus christ was being celebrated in rome by the year 336 a.d.; afterwards the feast was celebrated in other christian churches throughout the world.
why it was celebrated on december 25th is another question. no date for the birth of jesus can be found in the new testament, which is concerned more with the question "who is jesus?" than the date of his birth. early christian speculation about his birth date was influenced by the symbolism of the changing seasons, then popular in religious thought, which paid careful attention to the equinoxes and solstices of the sun. christian scholars speculated that jesus was conceived at the spring equinox (march 25th) and therefore was born on december 25th, the date of the winter solstice.
in many of the christian churches, march 25th is still the feast of the annunciation, when the angel gabriel announced to mary that she was to be the mother of jesus.
possible impluse for the feast of christmas may have came too from the establishment of the pagan feast of the "unconquered sun-god" by the emperor aurelian in 274 a.d. to be celebrated on december 25, the day of the winter solstice in rome and throughout the empire. in response, christians could celebrate the feast of the "sun of righteousness" (malachi 4,2), jesus christ, who called himself " the light of the world."
father christmas
it is said that in the year of 300 ad, there was a kind old man and his name was saint nicholas. he was always ready to help the poor and often gave presents to them.
today, father christmas is an imaginary figure, but nearly all young children believe in him. they think he is a happy old man with a long white beard and a long red robe.
on the night of the twenty-fourth of december every year, father christmas from some cold northern land comes down the chimney of the fireplace to put presents by the beds of children or to fill their stockings. so when children go to bed that night, they hang up their stockings, and on christmas morning they wake to find them full of presents. of course, it's really their parents who fill the stockings.
another name for father christmas is santa claus.
for today's christian, the origin of christmas is, and should be, the birth of jesus christ as recorded in the bible. nothing more and nothing less. however, most of what we witness on december 25th each year has absolutely nothing to do with that blessed day, which probably occurred in late summer or early fall about 2,000 years ago. in fact, most of the customs and traditions of christmas actually pre-date the birth of jesus, and many of them are downright deceptive in their meaning and origin. anyway, who cares when christ was born?
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英语短文篇2
演讲稿是在较为隆重的仪式上和某些公众场合发表讲话的文稿。它是进行演讲的依据，也是对演讲内容和形式的规范和提示。共同阅读励志英语演讲小短文，请您阅读!
励志英语演讲1Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human being's heart the lure ofwonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what's next and the joy of the gameof living.In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station:so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power frommen and from the infinite, so long are you young.
无论是60岁还是16岁，你需要保持永不衰竭的好奇心、永不熄灭的孩提般求知的渴望和追求事业成功的欢乐与热情。在你我的心底，有一座无线电台，它能在多长时间里接收到人间万物传递来的美好、希望、欢乐、鼓舞和力量的信息，你就会年轻多长时间。
励志英语演讲2An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first,narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders andover waterfalls.Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the watersflow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become mergedin the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being.
人的生命应当像河流，开始是涓涓细流，受两岸的限制而十分狭窄，尔后奔腾咆哮，翻过危岩，飞越瀑布，河面渐渐开阔，河岸也随之向两边隐去，最后水流平缓，森森无际，汇入大海之中，个人就这样毫无痛苦地消失了。
励志英语演讲3Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity,of theappetite for adventure over the love of ease.This often exists in a man of sixtymore than a boy of twenty.Nobody grows old merely by a number of years.We growold by deserting our ideals.
青春意味着战胜懦弱的那股大丈夫气概和摈弃安逸的那种冒险精神。往往一个60岁的老者比一个20岁的青年更多一点这种劲头。人老不仅仅是岁月流逝所致，更主要的是不思进取的结果。
励志英语演讲4As we all know, "Failure is the mother of success." But few people canreally understand what the saying means.In the world, I am sure that no onedare say he hasn't met any trouble all his life.So we must face failure.Infact, failure is not fearful, but important thing is how to face it correctly.Facing failure, people will never take their fate lying down.They will try theirbest to work harder and harder until at last they succeed.
Not being courageous to face setbacks, people have no chance to enjoy thepleasure of success.So they have nothing to do but feel sad and empty all dayand all night.In fact, they lose the chance of succethemselves.My friend,whenever in trouble, please remember, "Failure is the mother of success."
you can do it !you could be the one!whatever trouble you met how terribleit was,you just think that all will be all right,there is no things isimportance in the world.please believe youself.if you often complain of theterrible thigs you suffe in the trouble,so you can not happy and have a newlife.so your life's golf will be not clearly.your life won't becomemeaningfully.you must have the surely mind,and do it by the plan .nobody dontlike confident people,the most importance point is confident.when you have it,everything you do it will be succeful!
励志英语演讲5youth is not a time of life, it is a state of mind ; it is not rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees, it is a matter of the emotions : it is thefreshness ; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life .
youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of theappetite , for adventure over the love of ease.this often exists in a man of 60more than a boy of 20 .nobody grows old merely by a number of years .we growold by deserting our ideals.
years wrinkle the skin , but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul .worry , fear , self –distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.
whether 60 of 16 , there is in every human being ?s heart the lure ofwonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what?s next and the joy of the gameof living .in the center of your heart and my heart there?s a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty , hope ,cheer, courage and powerfrom men and from the infinite, so long as you are young .
when the aerials are down , and your spirit is covered with snows of
英语短文篇3
1、It takes being away from someone for a while, to realize how much you really need them in your life. 有的时候，你需要离开某人一段时间，才会发现自己有多需要他。
2、Maybe God wants us to meet a few wrong people before meeting the right one, so that when we finally meet the person, we will know how to be grateful. 在遇到梦中人之前，上天也许会安排我们先遇到别的人；在我们终于遇见心仪的人时，便应当心存感激。
3、Gravitation is not responsible for people falling in love. 并非地球引力使人坠入爱河。
4、One is always on a strange road, watching strange scenery and listeningto strange music. Then one day, you will find that the things you tryhard to forget are already gone.一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本是费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就那么忘记了。
5、Men love from overlooking while women love from looking up. If love isa mountain, then if men go up, more women they will see while womenwill see fewer men. 男人的爱是俯视而生，而女人的爱是仰视而生。如果爱情像座山，那么男人越往上走可以俯视的女人就越多，而女人越往上走可以仰视的男人就越少。
6、if you are not with the person whom you love …… love the person who is with you! 如果你没能和你爱的人在一起，那就爱那个和你在一起的人吧！
7、If you leave me, please don’t comfort me because each sewing has to meet stinging pain. - 离开我就别安慰我，要知道每一次缝补也会遭遇穿刺的痛。
8、If two people are meant to be together, eventually they will find their way back. 如果两个人注定在一起，最终他们总会找到重温旧梦的路。
9、Absence to love is what wind is to fire. It extinguishes the small； it inflames the great.离别之于爱情好比风之于火，它能将小火熄灭，使大火熊熊燃烧。
10、Love makes man grow up or sink down. 爱情，要么让人成熟，要么让人堕落。
11、Happiness is not about being immortal nor having food or rights inone’s hand. It’s about having each tiny wish come true, or havingsomething to eat when you are hungry or having someone’s love when youneed love. 幸福，不是长生不老，不是大鱼大肉，不是权倾朝野。幸福是每一个微小的生活愿望达成。当你想吃的时候有得吃，想被爱的时候有人来爱你。
12、When you need to tell, I am here; When you need a warm hug, I will be here; When you need someone to wipe your tears of sadness, I will here. 当你需要倾诉，我就在这里；当你需要一个温暖的拥抱，我就在这里；当你需要有人为你擦去伤心的泪水，我就在这里。
13、The best things in life are unseen，thats why we close our eyes when we kiss cry and dream. 生命中最美好的都是看不见的，这就是为什么我们会在接吻，哭泣，许愿的时候闭上眼睛。
14、Never frown, even when you are sad, because you never know who is falling in love with your smile.纵然伤心，也不要愁眉不展，因为你不知是谁会爱上你的笑容。
15、I love you not because of who you are, but because of who i am when i am with you. 我爱你，不是因为你是一个怎样的人，而是因为我喜欢与你在一起时的感觉。
16、Do you understand the feeling of missing someone It is just like that you will spend a long hard time to turn the ice-cold water you have drunk into tears. 你知道思念一个人的滋味吗，就像喝了一大杯冰水，然后用很长很长的时间流成热泪。
17、The worst way to miss someone is to be sitting right beside them knowing you can’t have them. 失去某人，最糟糕的莫过于，他近在身旁，却犹如远在天边。
18、how should i greet, with tears, with silence. 我如何贺你，以眼泪，以沉默 .
英语短文篇4
新婚祝福语简短英文
please accept my hearty congratulations upon your marriage．may peace,health，happiness and bright future attend both your bride and yourself until the end．
值此新婚之际，请接受我的衷心祝贺。愿你和新娘永远和睦、健康、幸福、前程辉煌。
i wish you both the best of luck and, ever-increasing happiness as the years go by．
愿你俩福星高照，幸福与日俱增。
i wish you both all the luck and happiness life can offer。
祝愿你俩生活美满幸福。
please accept our most sincere congratulations upon your holy matrimony with... and very best wishes for all the good future in the world.
请接受我对你和的神圣结合的最诚挚的祝贺，并祝愿你俩幸福无量。
allow me to join the chorus of congratulations upon your recent marriage．
值你新婚之际，请允许我加入祝福的行列。
my husband joins me in hoping that you have a long and happy and prosperous life together．
我丈夫和我一同祝愿你俩美满幸福，白头偕老。
wishing you many happy returns of the wedding day．
正值阁下新婚之禧，恭贺幸福无量。
my heart felt congratulations on your coming happy union!
谨向你们即将到来的幸福结合致以衷心的祝贺。
my sincere congratulations on this auspicious event of yours．
值你俩大喜之日，谨致最诚挚的；况贺。
our best wishes to the two of you for a happy marriage filled with all the good things．
(我们)愿你俩婚姻美满幸福。
best wishes from one of your old friends on your engagement.
在你们订婚之际，请接受一个老朋友最美好的祝愿。
my very best wishes to you for a lifetime of happiness．
向你俩致以最美好的祝愿，祝你们终生幸福。
i take great pleasure in sending here with a little wedding present in celebration of the happy event．
喜送小小礼品一份，庆贺这一大喜大吉之事。
we send you both our love and best wishes for every happiness that life can bring．
我们谨向你俩祝贺，愿你们的婚后生活无上幸福。
let me wish you and your bride every joy and the best of everything．
祝你和你的新娘幸福欢乐。
i hope you will have nothing but joy and happiness in your life together．
我希望你俩的共同生活美满幸福。
may you always have everything you wish for a rich life together．
愿你们事事如愿，美满幸福。
may every happiness be yours on this wedding day．let an old friend of yours send her love and congratulations to you and the groom.
值此婚礼佳日，祝愿幸福无量。请接受一位老朋友对你和新郎的衷心祝贺。
the news of your recent marriage having reached me，i beg to offer my most sincere congratulations.
获悉新婚之喜，请接受我最诚挚的祝贺。
my wife and i are very delighted to hear the news of your marriage．we send you both our love and hope you will have nothing but joy and happiness in your life together．
听到你们结婚的消息，我们感到万分高兴。
向你们祝贺，并希望你们的共同生活无比欢乐，无比幸福。
i heartily congratulate you upon your choice of your partner for life since l can't think of two people more suited to each other than you two． i wish you all the happiness in the world．
我衷心祝贺你选择了终身的伴侣，因为我不知道有哪一对夫妇能比你俩更相配的了。愿你们尽享人间的欢乐。
my sincere congratulations on your happy marriage and my best wishes to you two for a lifetime of happiness．
最诚挚地祝愿你新婚快乐，并向你俩致以最美好的祝愿，祝你们终生幸福。
the best of all good wishes to you both.
祝愿你俩幸福无量。
we wish you both many more anniversaries, each happier than the last．
我们祝你俩今后的周年纪念日一次更比一次幸福。
my heartiest good wishes on the 20th anniversary of your marriage．
may the years to come bring every blessing to you both．
在你俩结婚20周年纪念日之际，致以最衷心的祝意，愿你们年年岁岁称心如意
a long life and happiness．
正值你们银婚纪念日之际，谨向你们表示衷心的祝贺和良好的祝愿，愿你们健康、长寿、幸福。
简短的新婚贺词
1. 白首齐眉鸳鸯比翼，青阳启瑞桃李同心。
2. 房花烛交颈鸳鸯双得意，夫妻恩爱和鸣凤鸾两多情
3. 相亲相爱幸福永，同德同心幸福长。愿你俩情比海深!
4. 真诚的爱情的结合是一切结合中最纯洁的，祝福你们。
5. 祝你们永结同心，百年好合!新婚愉快，甜甜蜜蜜!
6. 真诚的爱情的结合是一切结合中最纯洁的，祝福你们。
7. 相亲相爱幸福永，同德同心幸福长。愿你俩情比海深!
8. 祝福你们新婚愉快，幸福美满，激情永在，白头偕老!
9. 洋溢在喜悦的天堂，披着闪闪月光，堪叹：只羡鸳鸯不羡仙。
10. 他是词，你是谱，你俩就是一首和谐的歌。天作之合，鸾凤和鸣。
11. 让这缠绵的诗句，敲响幸福的钟声。愿你俩永浴爱河，白头偕老!
12. 灯下一对幸福侣 洞房两朵爱情花 金屋笙歌偕彩凤 洞房花烛喜乘龙
13. 相亲相爱好伴侣，同德同心美姻缘。花烛笑迎比翼鸟，洞房喜开并头梅。
14. 千禧年结千年缘，百年身伴百年眠。天生才子佳人配，只羡鸳鸯不羡仙。
15. 愿你俩恩恩爱爱，意笃情深，此生爱情永恒，爱心与日俱增!
16. 婚姻是爱情的坟墓，不过别难过，每个人最终都会走进坟墓，放心去吧，阿门!
17. 珍惜这爱情，如珍惜着宝藏，轻轻地走进这情感的圣殿，去感受每一刻美妙时光。
18. 两情相悦的最高境界是相对两无厌，祝福一对新人真心相爱，相约永久恭贺新婚之禧!
英语短文篇5
一、 短文改错的选材特点及错误设置特点。
高考改错短文通常为100词左右的叙述文为主，记叙文较议论文和说明文更容易理解。即句子结构则以简单为主过渡到以复合句和并列句为主。一般说来，复合句和并列句较长是控制考题难易度的一个重要的因素。该错短文的题材基本大都贴近学生的生活和学习，难度符合学生的学习水平，语言简单易懂，不涉及生僻的语言现象和较复杂的语言结构。
同时错误的设置为考生在书面表达中常见的错误。例如：名词单复数的运用，动词时态语态，冠词，介词······ 具有一定的基础性和典型性。试题设置的考点角度灵活，题量虽小，但分值高，覆盖面广，综合性强，容易拉开得分距离，又不失英语语言学习的特点。
二、 短文改错的题型设计
近年来，短文改错涉及词汇，语法，句型结构等方面的知识以及逻辑情理的推断和综合辨析能力。解题建立在对短文的整体理解的基础上。通常命题者主要在行文逻辑、一致关系、连接手段、平行结构、多词少词、母语干扰、冠词的使用、名词数格、词语搭配以及词性辨析等方面进行设计和考查。归纳起来错文的命题特点和考查类型主要体现在以下几种：
1.行文中少词·多词以及错词。
在名词前缺少冠词，固定搭配中缺少副词，介词，句子成分残缺都会造成句意完整，但行文结构不正确。例如：It was almost noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. 前一句 It was almost noon，后一句we arrived at the foot of the mountain.两句中间须用when 来连接，前一句是后句的时间状语。又如：…….and I live in small village in the Peak District……此句中small前加a ，a表示泛指“一个小村庄”。
多词现象常出现在不可数名词前的冠词， 感官动词后的不定式作宾语补足语时常多，时间状语的名词短语前多介词….例如：We will hold a party to celebrate the important at tomorrow. 再如：The robber who thought the necklace was more expensive than the earings.此句中没有定语从句的结构。thought宾语从句连词that省略了。
在错词方面，注意名词单复数，形容词和副词的修饰关系，以及一些固定搭配等，如：all of a suddenly， play jokes with Marry
Sudden on
wanted to buy something real /really special.
2.注重语法和逻辑错误。
改错题语法错误主要体现在所有的语法项目：名，动，形容词，主谓一致，代词，连词，以及各种句式结构。逻辑错误包括整体理解能力，语言运用能力以及推断能力和判断能力。例如： ….he is rich and often buys valuable presents to me….what should I have from/for him who can get every thing he wants or needs for his birthday present？ 理解此句就必须理解整篇文章，根据关系找出逻辑即可以做答。
三、错文的答题技巧。
高考短文改错在整体上不强调词汇的丰富性，而只是考查对所学语法项目的灵活运用。因此，在做短文改错时要做到以下几点：
1.通读全文，掌握文章大意。
通读全文，了解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的时态，人称以及行文逻辑。有时孤立地分析某个句子，其结构是正确的，语义是通顺的，无错可改，但如果联系上下文便发现该句有不合逻辑之处，须改正。在第一遍通读全文的同时把一些比较容易的或是明显的错误改正过来。例如，固定短语，固定句子结构或介词短语的错误先改正过来，这样也为进行分析和改错时起到了降低难度的作用。
2.分句阅读，逐句找错。
在掌握了语篇的大体内容之后，要逐句进行找错，分析每个句子在句法，语法，行文逻辑等方面是否有错，要做到逐句分析不遗漏，句与句之间要注意连词的用法。检查核对一定要注意细致入微。最后再次浏览全文，看看是否语义通顺，结构正确，符合语法逻辑。另外，要严格按照要求答题。切忌不要改动原文的意思。
复习建议：
英语短文篇6
一、过渡句
很多考生往往在写完议论部分后就直接进入了举例子部分。其实不然，如果这个时候能够有一个自然的过渡，可以使文章显得更加生动、流畅，提升整篇文章的档次。常见的举例子过渡句式有如下这些：for instance，… ； for example，… ； take...as an example等。但是这样的一些例子许多考生用得太多、太烂，不能够吸引改卷老师的眼球，当然也就无法为自己的文章增添色彩。笔者结合多年的教学实际，向广大考生介绍一些可以让人眼前一亮的举例子过渡句。
1.The experience that ... remains fresh in my mind.
2.Never will I forget the day when…
3.The inspiring experience will never fade from my memory.
4.Memories always bring me back to the scenes where …
5.A wealth of examples can support my point of view.
……
在这里以考生们经常写的在学校参加篮球比赛为例，比较一下这两个过渡句，大家可以发现恰当地运用好的过渡句式的确可以提升考生的文章。一般的过渡句：For example， our class won the basketball championship of our school.运用好的过渡句：The experiencethat our class won the basketball championship of our school remains fresh in my mind.
二、举例子
湖北省英语高考短文写作题明确要求在写作中要结合事例。这就要求考生能够结合高考题目要求，通过叙事，来阐明一个观点。笔者在教学实际中做了一个粗略的统计，考生们在考试的例子选择上往往倾向于自己的实际生活，尤其是校园生活中发生的事情。这样的话题，学生有话可说，有真情实感，往往能够写出出彩的文章。所以笔者认为，在考生们的日常备考中，可以准备几个这样的例子，在高考中灵活运用，从而达到事半功倍的效果。下面笔者就介绍几个考生们经常选用的例子，以供大家借鉴。
1.考试失败的例子
The experience that I failed in the maths exam remains fresh in my mind.I was stuck in regrets and low spirits， thus failing another one. The moment I was informed of the result， it suddenly occurred to me that it is no good crying over spilt milk. If I had done something instead of complaining day and night， things would have been different.Therefore， I determined to pick up my confidence again and worked my head off in maths. My hard work paid off when I ranked first in the final exam.
这篇是关于在考试当中失败，但是不气馁，不放弃，终于成功的例子。这样的例子非常贴近学生的现实生活，为学生们所熟悉。在描述这个例子的过程中，文章使用了大量地道的英文惯用语，如：be stuck in，pick up one’ s confidence， work one’ head off，以及句型 It occurred to sb.that...。同时，作者熟练地运用了一些学到的语法现象，如...thus failing another one...分词在句中状语，以及虚拟语气的表达：If I had done something instead of complaining day and night， things would have been different.
2.打篮球的例子
The experience that our class won the basketball championship of our school remains fresh in
my mind.At first， everyone only focused on showing off their personal skills，turning a blind eye to the common goal of the team. Inevitably， at half time， our team were lagging far behind. However， we didn’t lose heart. Instead， after thoroughly analyzing the cause of our failure， we made some adjustments. Eventually， we managed to beat our opponents. Cooperation worked.
这个例子往往是爱好运动的男生们喜欢选择的例子。文章中出现了show off， turn a blind eye to ，lose heart， make some adjustments等这样漂亮的习惯表达法，整篇例子非常流畅，生动。
3.提高英语水平例子
I still remember how my spoken English improved. For fear of making mistakes， I always kept silent in English class to avoid making mistakes. Having noticed my hard situation， my English teacher had a heart-to-heart talk with me， in which she told me mistakes are inevitable on the way to success，and I should regard a mistake as an opportunity to improve myself rather than a barrier. Inspired by her words， I became confident and active in the class. With time going by， I built up my confidence， and now I can speak fluently in English.
这个例子是在英语考试写作当中经常出现的。同样使用了很多很好的英文习语：for fear of， have a heart-to-heart talk with， rather than， build up one’s confidence等等。而且，文章很漂亮地运用了诸如分词作状语，定语从句等语法现象，值得考生们学习。
4.参加演讲比赛例子
There was a time when I was too shy to speak in public. One day I was asked to deliver a speech in front of my classmates. Reluctant as I was， I accepted the challenge.I decided to seize the chance to conquer my shyness. Every day， I practiced time and time again in front of the mirror. The more I practiced， the more confident I became! Ultimately， when I stood in front of the whole school， I received thunderous applause!
英语短文篇7
一、忠于原文原则
改错只能针对文章中的用词错误，语法错误等加以改正，对大小写，拼写，顺序，标点符号不要改正。
1.虚词以添加或者删除为原则
需要添删的词一般是冠词，代词，介词，关系词等；例如：①I stood there and couldn’t believe in that a complete stranger was so thoughtful.
[析] 删掉in 。believe 后加宾语从句，是“相信”；believe in 是“信任”
2.实词以改变形式为原则
在改错中，实词的处理一般只是改变它的形式，而不能改变其词义也不能改换成另一个实词，更不能随便给填删。
① I was luckily enough to be one of the 35 students from many different country to visit the UK from June 20 to 30.
[析] luckily 改成lucky ； be动词后应该用形容词 country 改成countries
3.答题规范原则
答卷一定要规范，各种符号不能缺少，形式和位置要正确，要认真细心地按指示语中的要求解题，用汉字来说明或用相应的符号（），（∧）来表示。
二、加强训练，注重训练策略
1.加强基本功
熟练地掌握基本语法知识，词汇的用法和搭配，典型的常用句型和习惯表达方式等对判断和改正语言错误是非常必要的。因此要提高短文改错能力，首先要扎扎实实地学好基础知识。
2.善于总结，积累经验
平时练习中要有意识地注意命题设错的热点和方式，并对错误的类型及分布情况进行分门别类地整理，积累。平时要养成及时纠错，及时复习的好习惯，把常见的，易犯的典型错误弄清楚，记明白。
3.加强翻译训练
英语短文篇8
关键词 短文填空 错误分析 词法教学 答题技巧
中***分类号：G633 文献标识码：A
随着陕西中考试题的改革调整，从2011年开始出现了短文填空这一新题型，此类题型是由原来的“用所给词的正确形式填空”演变而来的，前者较之后者，难度更大，区分性更强，考察范围更广，对学生综合应用语言的能力要求更高。蔡美蓉在其文章中总结出了比较全面的解题步骤及技巧，从学生自身分析了此类题得分低的原因，并提出了四类解题的策略和方法。赖秋烨从题型出发，分析了目前初中英语词汇教学存在的问题，并提出了突破词汇教学瓶颈的三点做法。
做短文填空题可以分为两步，第一步，选词义；第二步，变词形。选词义要求学生有一定量的词汇积累，而变词形要求学生在掌握一定量语法知识的前提下根据词汇的语法功能变词形。要使学生词汇理解覆盖以上层次范畴，需要按词性将常考词语分为几个部分加以分类研究。
1动词考点归类学习
中考短文填空题对于动词的考察一般涉及，be动词，情态动词和实意动词。此类题型对于动词的考查主要集中在时态，语态以及固定搭配中，学生可以从此角度进行归纳学习。在做题时浏览方框中所给单词的同时在浅意识中对单词就词性进行分类。
Be动词的用法：（1）be动词有时态及单复数的变化。在做题的过程中要跟据主语时间状语及语篇的时间来确定词形。（2）be在情态动词之后用原形。
实意动词的用法：（1）实意动词在be之后的形式。be+done（表被动）；be+doing（表进行）。（2）情态动词及助动词do的任何形式之后的实意动词用原形。如：（陕西中考2015）As i watched her running away， i didn’t 69.tired anymore. 此题中如果学根据句意选定feel这个单词，就很容易确定词形了。（3）实意动词的并列使用情况。主语唯一时并列连词前后的实意动词时态及数一致。如：（陕西中考2013）Then someone came out and 64.each of us if we wanted an ice cream or a drink.在此}中，如果学生根据词义及句意选定单词ask则可根据并列连词and前的came确定词形为asked。（4）实意动词单独使用时本身具有数和时态的变化。如： This 62. one day when she met a ragged（衣衫褴褛的） boy named Sam.在此题中如果学位生根据词义及句意选定了单词change则可根据句子的时态确定词形为changed。
情态动词的用法：（1）情态动词在短文填空中的考法相对单一，一般没有数的变化，只有时态的变化。多数考查的是情态动词的过去式。如：（陕西中考2014）Sam knew she was the head of social services， and that she 63. Help.当学生确定从词义角度应选“can”时。再根据整个句子的时态就可确定词形“could”。
2名词考点归类学习
此题型在名词部分的考点包括名词单复数的变化、名词所有格的用法、不可数名词的用法，以及名词和形容词之间的相互转换。学生平时复习中需针对此题侧重名词单复数变化规则，以及名词所有格用法的掌握。例如：（陕西中考2014）I know my 66. coming back would be the best present. 此题考查的就是名词father的所有格father’s。
3代词考点归类学习
此题对代词考察占得比重比较小。近几年中考中主要考察主格代词与和宾格代词和物主代词以及反身代词之间的转换。对于代词，学生需要明确的掌握人称代词和物主代词在句子中所充充当的成分。例如： Later， Bethany returned to the water. She didn’t give up 67. 此题考查主格代词she得宾格形式her。当学生选定词义后，便可根据代词的用法确定动词和介词之后要用人称代词的宾格形式her.
4形容词和副词的考点归类学习
形容词和副词的考察包括两方面。一方面会考察比较级和最高级，另一方面会考察形容词和副词词性的相互转化。有时候还会考察形容词变名词（ill-illness）例如：（陕西中考2013）We didn’t get treats like that too often， so what he did for us was 67. Remembered.此题考查的是形容词happy的副词形式happily。当学生根据句意选定单词happy是就可以再根据副词修饰动词的用法来确定词形happily.
因此在学习过程中学生在清楚此题考点的同时应着重复习巩固形容词和副词比较级和最高级用法。并且应该多归纳一些形容词和副词之间相互转化的规则，有助于学生解答此题。
5结论
短文填空题是一种对学生综合能力要求较高的题目，大部分的考生都认为此类题是试卷中的偏难题。但只要我们以良好冷静的心态待之，只要平时注意训练和反思，持之以恒，就一定会有所收获。
参考文献
英语短文篇9
【关键词】生词 猜词 上下文 阅读理解
【中***分类号】G64 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089（2012）10-0116-01
在阅读理解中，我们常常碰到这样的题型：“The word …（L.2 Para.2） means…？”，“The word…could best be replaced by…？”等，这就是阅读理解的词义推断题。词义推断题是各类英语考试阅读理解的重要题型之一，该题型主要考查考生根据上下文判断个别单词和短语意义的能力。从考查内容看主要是猜测某个生词、多义词或短语的意思以及猜测代词的指代等。在《教学大纲》和《考试大纲》中，都规定了阅读文章的生词量允许保持在3%的范围内，所以在阅读中碰到生词不必紧张，对待这种题型，不能也盲目猜测，一定要结合文章的主旨大意和上下文的阐述做出合理的判断。
那么怎样的词汇才属于生词呢？对于生词的界定主要有两种：第一种是指超出《考试大纲》规定范围，且词根和词缀在《考试大纲》里都未作要求的词，即纯粹的生词；第二种是指超出《考试大纲》规定范围，但属于《考纲》词汇表中词汇的合成词、派生词和转化词，这些词虽然没有在《考纲》中列举出来，但却能通过熟知的单词或前缀、后缀推断出它们的含义。那么，在短文阅读中，如何克服生词障碍，正确的理解文章呢？一个有经验的读者都能够通过上下文的提示推断出文中不熟悉单词的意义。而一个好的作者，也会给读者提供很多暗示，学会辨别不同类型的暗示语，将在辨析词义、理解原文的过程中受益无穷。
下面给大家列举一些在阅读中猜测生词的常用方法。
1.通过使用标点符号为一个生词给出释义
在短文中，有些句子常通过使用标点符号解释单词的意义，常见的标点符号有括号、冒号、破折号等。例如：“Trick—an attempt to get you to do something foolish.（伎俩—就是尝试让你做傻事的手段。）” 在个例子中，用破折号后面的短语对trick进行了解释，便于读者对它们的意思进行推测和理解。再看下面一个例子：“I once heard that any ailment （sickness） can be cured by something that can be found in nature. （我曾经听说过任何小病小痛都能被自然界中能找得到的一些东西治愈。）”在这个句子中，使用括号解释了ailment的意义。
2.根据句子给出的定义确定一个生词的意义
有时，文章的作者会使用谓语动词be，mean，refer to，or，define，be known as，deal with等给句子中的生词下定义，有时也会用到同位语从句，以此帮助读者理解这些生词的意义。例如：“Botany deals with the study of plants.（植物学论述植物的研究。）”，在这句话中，通过deal with为botany下了一个定义，使读者能够猜到botany是“植物学”的意思。再比如：“His promotion means a raise in salary.”，在这句话中，通过下定义的方法，promotion的意义显而易见。
3.通过反义词猜测一个生词的意义
有些句子给出的信息正好是一个生词的反面意思，通过这些句子，可以推断出生词的意义，常用到转折词but，on the contrary，in contrast等单词和词组或者用到true and false， happy and sad等一对对的反义词。例如：“Architect Frank Lloyd Wright said， ‘Early in life I had to choose between honest arrogance and hypocritical humility.’（建筑师赖特说过：‘年轻时，我要在诚实的自大和虚伪的谦虚之间抉择。’）”在本句中，显然honest和hypocritical是一对反义词，了解了honest的意思，就不难理解hypocritical的意义了。
4.利用近义词或同义词猜测一个生词的意义
在阅读过程中，如果碰到生词可以做好标记，然后继续阅读，看看上下文中有没有这个生词的另一种说法，即找出同义词或近义词。有时上下文中会用一些简单的词汇、短语或句子对这个生词提供一些暗示。例如：“In his bathroom he was sovereign just as he was a king.（在浴室里，他就是君主，就像他是国王一样。）”在这句话中，sovereign的意思可以通过同义词king推断出是“君主”的意思。再比如：“In the real world of human action， virtually all historical events are unique and heterogeneous， though often similar， to all other historical events.（在人行动的真实世界里，尽管历史事件常常很相似，但其实每一个事件都是独一无二，他们是异质的）”在这句话中，heterogeneous和unique就是一对近义词。
5.根据举例推断一个生词的含义
有时候读者还可以根据生词后面的举例猜词生词的意思。举例常用到的词组有such as，for example，for instance等。I like beverage such as tea and soda.（我喜欢茶和汽水之类的饮料。）通过such as后的tea and soda读者可以推断出beverage实际就是drinks。
英语短文篇10
People in this world can be pided into two categories: those always working and those always ma-ki-ng comments. The working ones never have time to idle away. Some may run a hotel， or do some business; some may open a factory or set up a school; others may be absorbed in scientific research， or devoted to military affairs or political issues. Right or wrong， successful or failed， they are always fully committed to their careers. Facing all kinds of risks(not because they neglect them， but mainly because they have the courage)， and shouldering the responsibilities， they march forward， bravely and cautiously. They are risking their luck and their lives as well. They have neither time nor energy to comment on others. While attentively planning the future， they devote themselves wholly in hard work， leaving the embroidered stories and malicious gossips flying in the air. The commenting ones， however， usually work less， and even if they want to work sometimes， they simply are not capable enough. They are no better than anyone， but show admiration to nobody either. They blame either the heaven， or the earth， but never themselves. They dare not to take any risks， but they are also afraid of any hard work. They are gossip-mongers， ma-ki-ng stories and spreading rumors， ma-ki-ng you feel annoyed and upset. It''s not because that you have hurt them， or disturbed them， or hindered them， but because you are working. If only you are working， he is there commenting. Everything is hard at the beginning. You have just started a new cause， needing encouragement and support， yet he is there pouring a jar of cold water or blowing a gust of chilly wind， ma-ki-ng you worried or perplexed. But once you have succeeded， he is there again sharing your succewithout feeling a little ashamed of the discouragement he had given you.
Many people don''t like using their mind but enjoy echoing the views of others. They often take it for granted that the working ones are wrong while the commenting ones are definitely right. However in all fairness， how can it be true? Not working itself is already wrong， and it is a blunder to hurt the hard working people.
From ancient time to the present， many great men have been commented on endlessly. Take the cases of Confucius， Emperor Qinshihuang， EmpreWu Zetian， Gengis Khan， Dr. Sun Yet-sun， Chairman Mao， Deng Xiaoping， etc.. Both positive and negative criticism have been made about them. They not only enjoyed compliments but also suffered slanders from all over the world.
When commenting on what''s right and what''s wrong， the commenting ones themselves don''t really know what is wrong and what is right. They are simply demanding perfection. When criticizing the others'' inability， they themselves are actually unable to do anything， but simply pretending that they know better. This can well be compared with the actors and spectators. A new program is always followed by large amounts of criticism from the spectators. But if a spectator is given a chance to perform， a disaster will surely happen. Diners are always commenting on the skills of the chefs while readers are always criticizing the writers. Another case in point is the forty-chapter sequel of A Dream of the Red Mansions ， which were written by Gao E who did a nearly perfect job. Neverthelethere are always such people who claim to be the experts on the novel， criticizing the latter forty chapters as a wretched sequel to a fine work. What if we ask them to write the sequel? I''m afraid they can only make it worse. It''s easier said than done.
Capable and wealthy people are always the focus of the society.
Capable people are usually marching ahead of others and may not be properly understood， hence causing various kinds of comments， more criticism but lesupport;
Capable people can easily succeed， thus causing both admiration and comments， more jealousy but leappreciation (only their good luck is recognized);
Capable people can be sought for help and attract the attention of the society， thus causing a lot of comments， more complaints but legratitude (even though they didn''t ask anyone for help， if only they were not able to help others in a satisfactory way， it''s already their fault);
Capable people can also suffer setbacks (some even experience ups and downs many times)， experiencing fully the warmth and coldneof the human world， more hurts but lehelps.
Wealthy people are non the easier. No doubt there are cruel-hearted rich men， but it is also wrong to think that no wealthy people are kind-hearted. They are capable of devising and managing and they often need to take risks to get the chance. But who care about these?
Whenever a group are dining or entertaining， everyone will take it for granted that the rich should pay the bill instead of going Dutch. If the rich doesn''t pay， then he''ll definitely be regarded as a miser;
Among good friends and relatives， the rich should often help the poor， otherwise he will surely be blamed for his cruel-heartedness;
From the ancient times， people have been used to killing the rich to save the poor， without thinking about how the rich became rich and the poor stayed poor. The policy of “allowing some people to get rich” has balanced people''s mind to some extent， but there is still a long way to go before we can get rid of “the hatred toward the wealthy”.
Capable people or rich people are just human， neither sages nor perfect men. They have their own faults， and they may also commit mistakes. But objectively speaking， some mistakes are forced on them， which are the expectations of the public. They are expected to do this or that， but when expectations become disappointments， they have to take the blaming. In fact， it''s the public''s fault to demand for perfection or counting on unrealistic expectations of the rich.